Table 4.
Probability of reporting a yellow flag on OSPRO-YF full-length questionnaires for each phenotype identified by latent class analysisa
| Questionnaire | High distress (n = 646; 52%)b | Low distress (n = 322; 26%) | Low self-efficacy and acceptance (n = 187; 15%) | Negative pain coping (n = 84; 7%) |
| PHQ-9c | 59% | 17% | 37% | 30% |
| STAI | 69% | 15% | 28% | 36% |
| STAXI | 50% | 20% | 22% | 31% |
| FABQ-PA | 65% | 24% | 46% | 33% |
| FABQ-W | 67% | 15% | 33% | 36% |
| PCS | 89% | 9% | 4% | 81% |
| TSK-11 | 97% | 13% | 26% | 82% |
| PASS | 98% | 0% | 8% | 96% |
| PSEQ | 100% | 0% | 100% | 2% |
| SER | 82% | 22% | 86% | 9% |
| CPAQ | 97% | 6% | 92% | 18% |
A yellow flag is a psychological questionnaire score estimate in the top quartile for negative mood and negative coping domain questionnaires, and in the bottom quartile for positive affect and coping questionnaires. Quartile thresholds were set based on questionnaire scores originally collected in the OSPRO development cohort.
Values are sample size; percentage of overall population.
For each questionnaire in this column, percentages in the table represent the probability of reporting a yellow flag on that questionnaire for each phenotype identified by latent class analysis; OSPRO = Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAXI = State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory; FABQ-PA = Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale; FABQ-W, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire work subscale; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; TSK-11 = Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; PASS = Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale; PSEQ = Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; SER = Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation; CPAQ = Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire.