Table 2.
Laboratory examinations and radiographic presentation in COVID-19 patients
| Characteristic | Normal range | All patients (n = 304) | Myocardial injury | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With (n = 96) | Without (n = 208) | ||||
| Immunologic markers, median (IQR) | |||||
| Leucocyte counts,109/L | 3.5–9.5 | 6.3 (4.3–8.1) | 7.1 (5.0–10.1) | 6.0 (4.4–7.8) | 0.058 |
| Neutrophil counts,109/L | 1.8–6.3 | 4.9 (3.0–7.4) | 6.7 (4.2–10.3) | 4.4 (2.8–6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte counts,109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet counts, 109/L | 130–175 | 200.0 (145.0–258.0) | 151.5(105.0–237.2) | 210.0 (165.5–264.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 125–350 | 123.0 (111.3–136.0) | 122.0 (110.0–137.0) | 123.0 (113.0–135.2) | 0.872 |
| CD 3 counts, /uL | 723–2737 | 502.0 (275.8–765.0) | 317.5 (177.3–591.0) | 539.5 (324.0–862.5) | < 0.001 |
| CD 4 counts, /uL | 404–1612 | 287 (161.5–464.5) | 193.5 (98.8–322.8) | 340.5 (201.8–528.3) | < 0.001 |
| CD 8 counts, /uL | 220–1129 | 152.0 (73.0–278.0) | 77 (40.8–161.5) | 191.0 (106.0–304.0) | < 0.001 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 0.9–2.0 | 1.8 (1.3–1.7) | 2.0 (1.3–3.4) | 1.8 (1.3–2.7) | 0.127 |
| IgG, g/L | 7.0–16.0 | 12.3 (10.2–15.4) | 13.7 (11.2–16.6) | 11.7 (9.6–14.6) | 0.003 |
| IgM, g/L | 0.4–2.3 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 0.143 |
| IgA, g/L | 0.7–4.0 | 2.4(1.8–3.3) | 2.8 (2.1–3.8) | 2.2 (1.7–3.0) | 0.002 |
| C3, g/L | 0.9–1.8 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | < 0.001 |
| CK-MB, ng/mL | 0–5 | 1.2 (0.7–2.6) | 4.2 (1.9–8.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac, hepatic and kidney injury markers, median (IQR) | |||||
| Myoglobin, ug/L | 0–110 | 49.1 (27.4–130.9) | 177.4 (82.5–765.7) | 35.0 (25.0–59.7) | < 0.001 |
| Hs-TNI, ng/mL | 0–0.04 | < 0.006 (< 0.006–0.068) | 0.22 (0.09–1.83) | < 0.006 (< 0.006–0.011) | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP#, pg/mL | 0–300 | 285.8 (86.7–835.8) | 799.7 (267.7–1719.0) | 220.1 (54.0–456.5) | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP*, pg/mL | 0–300 | 647.8 (237.2–1996.3) | 2543.0 (953.0–9022.0) | 389.0 (141.0–1046.0) | < 0.001 |
| LDH, U/L | 100–300 | 266 (202.8–413.3) | 433.5 (306.5–677.5) | 221.0 (188.0–284.0) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 9–50 | 24.0 (17.0–46.0) | 27.0 (18.0–48.0) | 24.0 (16.8–43.3) | 0.662 |
| AST, U/L | 15–40 | 27.0 (19.0–43.5) | 42.0 (24.0–65.0) | 23.5 (17.3–32.0) | < 0.001 |
| ALP, U/L | 90–130 | 71.0 (56.4–94.0) | 75.0 (58.8–105.0) | 69.0 (56.0–90.3) | 0.219 |
| ALB, g/L | 40–55 | 37.0 (33.5–40.0) | 33.8 (30.1–37.1) | 38.7 (35.8–41.0) | < 0.001 |
| Urea, mmol/l | 3.6–9.5 | 5.4 (3.8–9.0) | 9.5 (5.4–19.4) | 4.6 (3.5–6.5) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 57–111 | 58.0 (48.0–79.0) | 71.0 (53.0–126) | 56.0 (46.0–70.8) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.5–5.5 | 4.2 (3.8–4.5) | 4.1 (3.6–4.6) | 4.3 (3.9–4.5) | 0.255 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 135–155 | 142.0 (139.0–146.0) | 141.0 (138.0–146.0) | 142.0 (139.0–146.0) | 0.542 |
| Inflammation markers, median (IQR) | |||||
| PCT, ng/mL | < 0.1 | 0.10 (0.05–0.32) | 0.29 (0.10–1.09) | 0.06 (0.04–0.14) | < 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0–10 | 51.3 (10.9–104.0) | 84.9 (53.7–173.8) | 28.5 (5.7–82.2) | < 0.001 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | < 10 | 10.5 (6.1–26.5) | 23.5 (10.7–98.1) | 9.0 (5.8–20.6) | < 0.001 |
| Coagulation markers, median (IQR) | |||||
| PT, sec | 9–13 | 12.4 (11.5–13.5) | 13.4 (12.2–14.4) | 12.1 (11.3–13.1) | < 0.001 |
| APTT, sec | 25–31.3 | 28.6 (26.2–31.5) | 29.2 (27.7–33.2) | 28.2 (25.9–31.0) | < 0.001 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0–0.55 | 2.5 (0.7–13.8) | 7.0 (1.9–21.7) | 1.6 (0.6–8.2) | < 0.001 |
P-values are calculated by Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or χ2 test as appropriate.
#
NT-proBNP levels on admission;
*
NT-proBNP levels during hospitalization.
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range; CD, Cluster of Differentiation; Ig, Immunoglobulin; C3, Complement 3; IL-6, interleukin 6; PT, Prothrormbin time; APTT, Active Partial Thromboplastin Time; CK MB, Creatinine kinase–myocardial band; Hs-TNI, High-sensitivity troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PCT, Procalcitonin; LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALB, Albumin; ECG, electrocardiogram.