Figure 2. All CAFs derived from cancer cells, TAMs and CAFs enhanced cancer malignancy.
(A–C) The (A) proliferation, (B) invasion and (C) migration of cancer cells with each CAF-CM or normal medium (control; Ctrl) were monitored for 3 days, 24 hours and 12 hours, respectively. (D) Cancer cells were cultured with each CAF-CM for 48 hours. E-cadherin and vimentin mRNA expression levels were analyzed by PCR analysis. The graphs show the data as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.01 and ** P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with the Turkey-Kramer test).