Table 3.
Differences in normalized EMG amplitudes between groups in the upward phase (phase 1)
| Muscle | RCT groupa, mean ± SD | Control groupb, mean ± SD | Mean difference (95% CI) | p valuec |
| SSP | 103 ± 12 | 106 ± 7 | 3 (-6 to 12) | 0.48 |
| ISP | 107 ± 8 | 106 ± 5 | -2 (-8 to 5) | 0.62 |
| SSC | 110 ± 9 | 108 ± 8 | -2 (-10 to 6) | 0.61 |
| LD | 106 ± 10 | 103 ± 5 | -3 (-10 to 4) | 0.39 |
| PM | 112 ± 9 | 110 ± 14 | -1 (-13 to 10) | 0.80 |
| UT | 126 ± 18 | 123 ± 15 | -3 (-19 to 13) | 0.71 |
| PD | 111 ± 6 | 102 ± 10 | -9 (-17 to -1) | 0.03d |
| MD | 116 ± 10 | 111 ± 10 | -5 (-14 to 5) | 0.33 |
| AD | 118 ± 9 | 118 ± 9 | 0 (-8 to 9) | 0.95 |
| BB | 118 ± 7 | 111 ± 6 | -7 (-13 to 0) | 0.04d |
For the SSP, ISP, and SSC in the RCT group, the values are missing for one patient because of complaints about needles but the other EMG outcomes could be used.
a
Rotator cuff tear group (n = 10); 10 cycles.
b
Control group (n = 11); 10 cycles.
c
Based on a MANOVA test.
d
p < 0.05 (statistically significant); SSP = supraspinatus; ISP = infraspinatus; SSC = subscapularis; LD = latissimus dorsi; PM = pectoralis major; UT = upper trapezius; PD = posterior deltoid; MD = middle deltoid; AD = anterior deltoid; BB = biceps brachii.