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. 2021 Feb 22;10:e57417. doi: 10.7554/eLife.57417

Figure 2. IL-2/IL-4 enhances Treg proliferation and selectively drives the expansion of IL-10+ Tregs.

(A and B) Treg proliferation as measured by CellTrace signal following 3 days of culture with αCD3ε and all combinations of IL-2 and IL-4, with division and proliferation indices indicated. N = 3 for all bar graphs and histograms are representative. (C) IL-10 expression of purified Tregs cultured for 3 days with αCD3ε and the designated cytokines, and gated by CellTrace generation, as measured by flow cytometry (panel A). N = 3. The IL-10 expression of all IL-2/IL-4-induced Treg generations are statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to the other cytokine-stimulated conditions. (D) Proliferation and viability of purified IL-10+ and IL-10- Tregs cultured for 3 days with αCD3ε and both IL-2 and IL-4, as flow cytometry analysis of CellTrace and Sytox Red signal. The histograms are representative. N = 3. (E and F) Proliferation of purified Tregs cultured for 3 days with αCD3ε and all cytokine combinations, gated on IL-10+/- expression, as analyzed by flow cytometry. N = 3 for all bar graphs and histograms are representative. (G) Division index of wild type (FoxP3creYFP) and IL-10 cKO (IL-10fl/fl× FoxP3creYFP) purified Tregs that were stimulated with the indicated conditions for 3 days, as analyzed by flow cytometry. N = 3 for all bars. (H) Cell count of IL-10+ Tregs following 3–7 days of culture with αCD3ε and all combinations of IL-2 and IL-4, as analyzed by flow cytometry. N = 3. The cell counts of all IL-2/IL-4-induced conditions are statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to the other cytokine-stimulated conditions. For all panels, mean ± SEM are indicated. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Figure 2.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1. Dosing and time-dependency of combinatorial cytokine stimulation on Treg proliferation.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1.

(A) Flow cytometry gating schematic for FoxP3+ Treg proliferation analyses. Cells are first gated on FSC-A and SSC-A, then a single cell gate made on FSC-A and FSC-H. Sytox red negative events represent live cells, and then FoxP3-RFP positive events are gated. (B) Proliferation of Tregs stimulated for 3 days with the indicated T cell receptor, co-stim, and cytokine conditions, analyzed by flow cytometry. (C) Analysis of cellular division of Tregs stimulated for 3 days with the indicated cytokines while titrating IL-2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. 1× IL-2 = 728 pM. (D) Treg count following culture with αCD3ε and combined IL-2/IL-4 for 3–7 days, as analyzed by flow cytometry. Related to Figure 2I. (E) Enumeration of purified Tregs that underwent stimulation with αCD3ε and all cytokine combinations for 36 hr in culture with the first stimulation conditions, and another 36 hr with the second stimulation conditions after washing. Cells underwent flow cytometry. N = 3. For all panels, mean ± SEM are indicated. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.