TABLE 1.

Overview of animal studies of MSC-based therapy for stroke.

Animal species	Stroke type	Comorbidity	Cell source	Cell number	Delivery route	Timing	Results	References
SD	MCAO	–	BM	1 × 105	IA (carotid artery)	10 days	Neuronal regeneration	Hu et al., 2019
SD	MCAO	–	BM	3 × 106	IV (tail vein)	8 days	Angiogenesis	Moisan et al., 2016
Wistar	MCAO	–	BM	1 × 106	IA	1, 6, 24, and 48 h	Reduce infarction volume	Toyoshima et al., 2015
SD	MCAO	–	BM	2 × 105	IC (brain tissue)	1 days	Protect ischemic neurons	Son et al., 2019
Wistar	MCAO	Aging	BM	2 × 106	IA (carotid artery)	1 days	Long-term improvement in functional outcome	Shen et al., 2007a
SD	MCAO	Aging	BM	1 × 105	IA	6 h	Improve the functional outcome	Saraf et al., 2019
SHR	Stroke prone	Hypertension	BM	1 × 106	IC (atlanto-occipital membrane)	–	Neuroprotective and antioxidant potential	Calio et al., 2014
SHR	MCAO	Hypertension	Placenta	1 × 106	IV (tail vein)	8 and 24 h	Functional recovery	Kranz et al., 2010
SD	MCAO	Hyperglycemia	Adipose tissue	1 × 106	IV (tail vein)	48 h	Neurological recovery	Gomez-de Frutos et al., 2019
Wistar	MCAO	Diabetes	BM	5 × 106	IV (tail vein)	24 h	Neurorepair effects	Cui et al., 2016
Wistar	MCAO	Diabetes	BM	3 × 1011	IV (tail vein)	3 days	Improve the functional outcome	Venkat et al., 2020

MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; BM, bone marrow; IA, intra-arterial; IC, intracerebral; IV, intravenous.