Table 1.
Represents number of patients included in each studies immunopathological changes reported in COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) infected patients.
| Study | Number of patients | Immunopathological changes (Lymphocytes and neutophils counts) | Cytokine and chemokine levels in COVID-19 patients | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Mild changes in blood like leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. | NA | (17) |
| 2 | 2 | Lymphocyte, Neutophil, WBC counts were in normal range for patient 1, in Patient 2 lymphocyte count reduced. | NA | (18) |
| 3 | 4 | Neutophil count reduced in discharged adult patients upon treatment but patients severely affected had high neutrophil and low lymphocyte count. | NA | (19) |
| 4 | 6 | Adult patient displayed high neutophil level and an elderly patient depleted in neutophils count. Lymphocyte count decreased in two other elderly patients. | NA | (20) |
| 5 | 9 | Average lymphocyte count increased and neutrophil count remained within range in children. | IL-6, IL-17F, IL-22 levels were higher than normal range. | (21) |
| 6 | 13 | Reduced lymphocyte count and neutrophil count in medium range. | NA | (22) |
| 7 | 41 | Highly Significant difference noted in neutophil count in ICU patient compared to Non-ICU, significantly low lymphocyte count in ICU patients. | IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP-1α, and TNF-α were significantly high in ICU patients. | (1) |
| 8 | 50 | Significant decrease in lymphocyte count and increase in neutrophil count observed in critically ill patients compared to moderate group. | IP-10, MCP-3, HGF, MIG and MIP-1α levels were high in critical patients (ICU). | (23) |
| 9 | 99 | In 35% patients lymphocyte count decreased and in 38% patients neutrophil count increased during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. | IL-6 level was elevated in 52% patients. | (24) |
| 10 | 137 | Lymphocyte count below 1 × 109/L was found in 27% patients. | NA | (25) |
| 11 | 138 | Neutophil count significantly increased in fatal cases than non-fatal cases. Lymphocyte count reduced among fatal cases than non-fatal patients. | NA | (12) |
| 12 | 191 | Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in non-survivor than survivors. | IL-6 level was elevated substantially in non-survivors. | (26) |
| 13 | 710 | No significant changes observed in survivor or non-survivor groups. | NA | (27) |
NA, not available; IL, Interleukins; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ, Interferon-γ; CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-γ induced protein 10; MCP-3, monocyte chemotactic protein-3; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; MIG/CXCL9, monokine induced IFN gamma; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.