Table 3.
Participants characteristics by perceived level of stress.
| Perceived stress scale category | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low vs. Mild | Low vs. High | ||||||||||
| Low mean (SD) or n and % | Mild Mean (SD) or n and % | High M (SD) or n and % | Coef. | P-value | 95% CI | Coef. | P-value | 95% CI | |||
| N | 598 | 1,405 | 757 | ||||||||
| Intrinsic characteristics | |||||||||||
| Age | 21.6 (5.04) |
21.3 (4.54) |
21.2 (4.74) |
−0.14 | 0.161 | −0.033 | 0.005 | −0.019 | 0.174 | −0.037 | 0.006 |
| Gender | 0.951 | <0.001 | 0.752 | 1.150 | 1.598 | <0.001 | 1.347 | 1.347 | |||
| Women | 295 (11%) | 1003 (37%) | 622 (22%) | ||||||||
| Men | 298 (11%) | 393 (14%) | 128 (5%) | ||||||||
| Scholarship | 0.121 | 0.221 | −0.072 | 0.315 | 0.320 | 0.004 | 0.103 | 0.536 | |||
| Yes | 252 (9%) | 630 (23%) | 378 (14%) | ||||||||
| No | 344 (12%) | 772 (28%) | 378 (14%) | ||||||||
| Education levels (only N were reported) compared with 1st year | |||||||||||
| 1st year (L1) | 155 | 416 | 239 | ||||||||
| 2nd year (L2) | 93 | 225 | 120 | −0.065 | 0.680 | −0.374 | 0.244 | −0.140 | 0.425 | −0.482 | 0.203 |
| 3rd year (L3) | 111 | 251 | 142 | −0.129 | 0.391 | −0.424 | 0.165 | −0.145 | 0.383 | −0.469 | 0.180 |
| 4rth year (M1) | 60 | 171 | 87 | 0.114 | 0.525 | −0.238 | 0.466 | −0.007 | 0.971 | −0.398 | 0.383 |
| 5th year (M2) | 64 | 122 | 69 | −0.304 | 0.097 | −0.663 | 0.054 | −0.320 | 0.117 | −0.719 | 0.079 |
| Doctorate/PhD | 21 | 55 | 21 | −0.033 | 0.905 | −0.572 | 0.506 | −0.441 | 0.177 | −1.08 | 0.199 |
| Advanced technical or marketing degree (BTS/DUT) | 47 | 92 | 51 | −0.323 | 0.116 | −0.725 | 0.079 | −0.359 | 0.118 | −0.808 | 0.091 |
| IUT (3–year course–University Institute of Technology) | 47 | 73 | 28 | −0.531 | 0.012 | −0.945 | −0.115 | −0.934 | <0.001 | −1.447 | −0.421 |
| SPS10 | 3.57 (0.399) | 3.44 (0.425) | 3.28 (0.521) | −0.790 | <0.001 | −1.042 | −0.538 | −1.493 | <0.001 | −1.763 | −1.224 |
| HADSA | 5.17 (2.74) | 8.42 (3.45) | 12.6 (2.95) | 0.349 | <0.001 | 0.308 | 0.389 | 0.646 | <0.001 | 0.597 | 0.694 |
| HADSD | 3.36 (2.45) | 5.15 (2.95) | 7.96 (3.84) | 0.237 | <0.001 | 0.194 | 0.279 | 0.502 | <0.001 | 0.454 | 0.550 |
| Addictive behaviors before lockdown | |||||||||||
| Fagerstrom | 0.378 (0.780) | 0.463 (0.841) | 0.553 (0.886) | 0.118 | 0.056 | −0.003 | 0.240 | 0.239 | <0.001 | 0.107 | 0.370 |
| AUDIT | 6.04 (3.80) | 6.61 (4.66) | 7.51 (5.57) | 0.032 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.054 | 0.068 | <0.001 | 0.044 | 0.092 |
| SCOFF | 0.883 (0.875) | 1.31 (1.04) | 1.80 (1.17) | 0.464 | <0.001 | 0.357 | 0.572 | 0.860 | <0.001 | 0.742 | 0.978 |
| IGTD10 | 2.33 (2.87) | 2.72 (3.30) | 3.50 (3.98) | 0.038 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.068 | 0.098 | <0.001 | 0.065 | 0.130 |
| CIUS | 6.84 (3.81) | 8.59 (3.94) | 9.86 (4.30) | 0.113 | <0.001 | 0.087 | 0.138 | 0.187 | <0.001 | 0.159 | 0.216 |
| CAST | 0.527 | 0.002 | 0.186 | 0.868 | 0.644 | 0.001 | 0.278 | 1.010 | |||
| Yes | 46 (2%) | 176 (6%) | 105 (4%) | ||||||||
| No | 550 (20%) | 1226 (44 %) | 651 (24%) | ||||||||
| Lockdown specific scales | |||||||||||
| Number of children present during lockdown with the participant | 0.134 (0.417) | 0.141 (0.485) | 0.150 (0.489) | 0.027 | 0.803 | −0.183 | 0.237 | 0.067 | 0.567 | −0.163 | 0.300 |
| Number of adults present during lockdown with the participant | 1.94 (1.15) | 1.92 (1.06) | 1.91 (1.12) | −0.012 | 0.787 | −0.100 | 0.075 | −0.028 | 0.573 | −0.127 | 0.070 |
| Type of housing during lockdown (only N were reported) compared with personal housing | |||||||||||
| Personal housing (no roommates) | 292 | 689 | 377 | ||||||||
| Apartment–sharing | 75 | 187 | 91 | 0.054 | 0.727 | −0.248 | 0.355 | −0.063 | 0.716 | −0.406 | 0.279 |
| University dormitories | 62 | 97 | 58 | −0.381 | 0.032 | −0.729 | −0.033 | −0.293 | 0.141 | −0.683 | 0.097 |
| Parents' house | 169 | 432 | 231 | 0.029 | 0.803 | −0.200 | 0.259 | 0.006 | 0.962 | −0.249 | 0.261 |
| Media exposure | 1.98 (0.570) | 2.10 (0.593) | 2.18 (0.654) | 0.347 | <0.001 | 0.174 | 0.520 | 0.553 | <0.001 | 0.364 | 0.741 |
| Having a loved one infected, hospitalized or deceased because of COVID−19 | 0.451 (0.710) | 0.510 (0.705) | 0.585 (0.749) | 0.176 | −0.044 | 0.240 | 0.003 | 0.082 | 0.389 | ||
| Stressors Lockdown | 2.63 (1.107) | 3.33 (0.904) | 3.79 (0.901) | 0.692 | <0.001 | 0.588 | 0.797 | 1.269 | <0.001 | 1.136 | 1.402 |
| Stressors COVID−19 | 3.25 (1.47) | 3.77 (1.34) | 3.99 (1.35) | 0.247 | <0.001 | 0.180 | 0.315 | 0.339 | <0.001 | 0.260 | 0.417 |
| Addictive behaviors during lockdown | |||||||||||
| Drinking frequency last week | 2.68 (1.33) | 2.65 (1.32) | 2.68 (1.32) | −0.014 | 0.706 | −0.087 | 0.059 | 0.001 | 0.994 | −0.081 | 0.082 |
| Drinking quantity last week | 1.60 (1.14) | 1.82 (1.86) | 2.03 (1.90) | 0.091 | 0.025 | 0.012 | 0.170 | 0.110 | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.194 |
| Drinking intention next 15 weeks (Yes/No) | −0.021 | 0.828 | −0.214 | 0.171 | −0.033 | 0.763 | −0.249 | 0.183 | |||
| Yes | 322 (12%) | 768 (28%) | 416 (15%) | ||||||||
| No | 274 (10%) | 634 (23%) | 340 (12%) | ||||||||
| Drinking frequency intention next 15 days | 1.44 (0.610) | 1.49 (0.634) | 1.54 (0.683) | 0.133 | 0.213 | −0.076 | 0.343 | 0.230 | 0.050 | −0.001 | 0.460 |
| Standard drinks per occasion intention | 2.70 (2.39) | 2.71 (3.09) | 2.72 (2.36) | 0.004 | 0.840 | −0.032 | 0.039 | 0.004 | 0.825 | −0.035 | −0.035 |
| Binge drinking frequency before confinement | 1.30 (0.842) | 1.27 (0.927) | 1.31 (0.920) | −0.014 | 0.801 | −0.120 | 0.092 | 0.039 | 0.520 | −0.079 | 0.157 |
| Binge drinking occurrence last week | 0.055 | 0.870 | −0.604 | 0.715 | −0.434 | 0.209 | −1.110 | 0.243 | |||
| Yes | 13 (less 1%) | 30 (1%) | 26 (1%) | ||||||||
| No | 583 (22%) | 1372 (50%) | 730 (26%) | ||||||||
| Binge drinking frequency last week | 0.0688 (0.442) | 0.129 (1.68) | 0.134 (0.662) | 0.173 | 0.160 | −0.068 | 0.414 | 0.176 | 0.157 | −0.068 | 0.419 |
| Virtual binge drinking (if binged last week) | −0.524 | 0.555 | −2.262 | 1.214 | −0.010 | 0.992 | −1.864 | 1.846 | |||
| Yes | 2 (3%) | 7 (10%) | 4 (6%) | ||||||||
| No | 11 (16%) | 23 (33%) | 22 (32%) | ||||||||
| Binge drinking intention next 15 days | −0.091 | 0.677 | −0.518 | 0.336 | −0.409 | 0.075 | −0.859 | 0.0420 | |||
| Yes | 31 (1%) | 80 (3%) | 58 (2%) | ||||||||
| No | 565 (21%) | 1322 (48%) | 698 (25%) | ||||||||
| Binge drinking frequency next 15 days | 1.48 (1.19) | 2.63 (6.96) | 2.85 (3.46) | 0.232 | 0.149 | −0.083 | 0.548 | 0.239 | 0.138 | −0.0770 | 0.556 |
| Online gaming last week | 29.2 (36.1) | 28.8 (35.6) | 33.6 (38.1) | −0.001 | 0.875 | −0.003 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.029 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Online gaming next 15 days | 20.5 (29.2) | 24.7 (30.9) | 29.6 (34.8) | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Food compulsion last week | 1.27 (0.629) | 1.59 (0.843) | 1.92 (1.000) | 0.633 | <0.001 | 0.478 | 0.788 | 1.007 | <0.001 | 0.845 | 1.168 |
| Food compulsion next 15 days | 1.04 (0.189) | 1.13 (0.415) | 1.27 (0.589) | 1.065 | <0.001 | 0.646 | 1.485 | 1.607 | <0.001 | 1.184 | 2.029 |
| Food restriction last week | 1.52 (0.934) | 1.87 (1.09) | 2.15 (1.20) | 0.342 | <0.001 | 0.239 | 0.444 | 0.556 | <0.001 | 0.446 | 0.665 |
| Food restriction next 15 days | 1.59 (1.01) | 1.93 (1.14) | 2.28 (1.25) | 0.292 | <0.001 | 0.197 | 0.428 | 0.529 | <0.001 | 0.387 | 0.631 |