Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to frailty status
| Referent (n = 198) | Pre-frail (n = 206) | Frail(n = 36) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 67.5 ± 1.8 | 68.1 ± 1.9 | 68.3 ± 1.9 | 0.010 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.2 ± 10.1 | 72.2 ± 12.5 | 77.8 ± 13.9 | 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 159.4 ± 5.2 | 158.0 ± 5.7 | 156.7 ± 4.4 | 0.005 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 3.6 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 31.7 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Income per month (euro) | 904.1 ± 276.5 | 871.1 ± 315.5 | 781.8 ± 270.1 | 0.179 |
| Duration of hormone therapy (year) | 6.5 ± 6.7 | 6.0 ± 7.1 | 5.9 ± 7.8 | 0.757 |
| Years since menopause (year) | 17.6 ± 4.8 | 19.3 ± 5.1 | 19.3 ± 5.8 | 0.016 |
| Alcohol (portions/ week) | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.030 |
| Current smoker n (%) | 7 (3.7%) | 11 (5.8%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.867 |
| Living status | 0.029 | |||
| Single living household n (%) | 49 (24.9%) | 66 (32.2%) | 18 (51.47%) | |
| At home with another person n (%) | 148 (75.1%) | 136 (66.3%) | 17 (48.6%) | |
| At retirement home n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Marital status | 0.084 | |||
| Unmarried | 9 (4.6%) | 9 (4.4%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
| Cohabiting | 10 (5.1%) | 12 (5.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Married | 131 (66.8%) | 120 (58.5%) | 16 (44.4%) | |
| Divorced | 16 (8.2%) | 16 (6.3%) | 4 (11.1%) | |
| Widow | 28 (14.3%) | 49 (23.9%) | 13 (36.1%) | |
Categorical variables were presented as number of participants (percentages) and continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation (SD)
aP value from one-way ANOVA test and respective non-parametric test (Kruskal–Wallis) for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables