Table 2.
Association between BSD and MED scores and components and frailty status
| Referent (n = 198) | Pre-frail (n = 206) | Frail (n = 36) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSD scorea | 13.3 ± 4.1 | 12.9 ± 4.0 | 11.3 ± 3.6 | 0.065 |
| MED scorea | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 0.020 |
| Components of BSD and MED diet | ||||
| Total fruit (g/day) | 123.8 ± 114.0 | 118.6 ± 113.9 | 92.4 ± 77.4 | 0.463 |
| Total fruits and berries (g/day) | 189.2 ± 127.0 | 173.5 ± 115.2 | 124.5 ± 87.6 | 0.126 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 48.6 ± 40.7 | 37.1 ± 42.0 | 31.5 ± 36.0 | 0.041 |
| Fiber from cereal product (g/day) | 14.8 ± 5.4 | 15.1 ± 5.3 | 14.2 ± 5.8 | 0.539 |
| Total cereal and potato (g/day) | 390.9 ± 115.5 | 377.7 ± 120.8 | 356.1 ± 94.9 | 0.902 |
| Total milk and dairy (g/day) | 896.5 ± 498.5 | 837.2 ± 457.6 | 875.2 ± 537.6 | 0.530 |
| Low-fat milk (< 2%) (g/day) | 803.2 ± 705.1 | 875.9 ± 651.5 | 715.5 ± 605.0 | 0.443 |
| Total fat, energy (%) | 31.1 ± 5.2 | 30.7 ± 6.0 | 31.4 ± 6.0 | 0.557 |
| PUFA + MUFA: SFA | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.101b |
| PUFA: SFA | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.100b |
| Fish (g/day) | 42.9 ± 44.8 | 41.5 ± 44.2 | 31.9 ± 33.6 | 0.728 |
| Total meat and eggs (g/day) | 93.4 ± 49.8 | 92.1 ± 48.7 | 97.0 ± 57.9 | 0.397 |
| Processed meat (sausage) (g/day) | 13.9 ± 22.1 | 16.6 ± 25.0 | 20.4 ± 22.2 | 0.129 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 12.3 ± 19.0 | 11.0 ± 18.0 | 4.8 ± 8.7 | 0.139 |
Mean ± SD and P value were calculated using univariate ANOVA test
Covariates in models were age (years), energy intake (kJ/day), smoking status (never, current and former smokers), living status (living alone, live with another person and live in retirement home) marital status (unmarried, cohabiting, married, divorced, widow) and intervention group
aUnadjusted result is reported
bP value was determined using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test