Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Characteristic | All (n=94) | END (n=37) | Non-END (n=57) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 66.9±13.0 | 67.2±11.8 | 66.8±13.9 | 0.875 |
| Men | 49 (52.1) | 16 (43.2) | 33 (57.9) | 0.165 |
| Baseline NIHSS | 2.12±1.63 | 2.08±1.64 | 2.14±1.64 | 0.865 |
| Onset-to-door time (hr) | 3.23 (1.45–9.33) | 2.50 (1.09–5.10) | 4.28 (1.58–13.67) | 0.019 |
| Pre-stroke mRS | 0.377 | |||
| 0 | 80 (85.1) | 30 (81.1) | 50 (87.7) | |
| 1 | 14 (14.9) | 7 (18.9) | 7 (12.3) | |
| Stroke mechanism | 0.448 | |||
| LAA | 42 (44.7) | 15 (40.5) | 27 (47.4) | |
| CE | 36 (38.3) | 17 (47.2) | 19 (33.3) | |
| Other determined | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Undetermined | 16 (17.0) | 5 (13.5) | 11 (19.3) | |
| Site of occlusion | 0.553 | |||
| Intracranial ICA | 7 (7.4) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (5.3) | |
| Tandem | 6 (6.4) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (5.3) | |
| MCA M1 | 44 (46.8) | 18 (48.6) | 26 (45.6) | |
| MCA M2 trunk | 37 (39.4) | 12 (32.4) | 25 (43.9) | |
| Hypertension | 63 (67.0) | 28 (75.7) | 35 (61.4) | 0.150 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (26.6) | 12 (32.4) | 13 (22.8) | 0.302 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 37 (39.4) | 17 (45.9) | 20 (35.1) | 0.292 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (27.7) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (26.3) | 0.718 |
| MI or angina | 9 (9.6) | 3 (8.1) | 6 (10.5) | 1.000 |
| Prior stroke | 11 (11.7) | 4 (10.8) | 7 (12.3) | 1.000 |
| Smoking | 19 (20.2) | 6 (16.2) | 13 (22.8) | 0.437 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 157.2±31.1 | 151.4±30.8 | 161.0±31.0 | 0.143 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 86.6±17.0 | 86.7±15.2 | 86.5±18.2 | 0.961 |
| Leukocyte count (n/μL) | 8,075.1±2,324.8 | 8,358.6±2,268.8 | 7,891.1±2,361.9 | 0.343 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7±1.5 | 13.7±1.4 | 13.7±1.6 | 0.983 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 39.9±4.1 | 39.8±3.6 | 40.0±4.5 | 0.835 |
| Platelet count (n/μL) | 245,053±74,857 | 257,730±72,276 | 236,825±75,978 | 0.187 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 10.0 (5.0–19.0) | 9.0 (5.0–19.0) | 11.0 (5.5–19.0) | 0.645 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.25 (0.08–0.34) | 0.29 (0.06–0.29) | 0.24 (0.09–0.42) | 0.660 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 287.2±82.7 | 301.2±98.2 | 278.1±70.4 | 0.221 |
| Baseline glucose (mg/ dL) | 143.8±51.4 | 152.2±49.8 | 138.2±52.1 | 0.201 |
| Type of recanalization therapy | ||||
| IV tPA | 28 (29.8) | 20 (54.1) | 8 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Rescue EVT | 23 (24.5) | 23 (62.2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
END, early neurological deterioration; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; IV tPA, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; EVT, endovascular therapy.