Table 4.
The association of different patients' characteristics and clinical manifestations with increased severity of COVID-19
| Clinical characteristic | Subgroup | Pooled OR | 95% CI | I2, % | p value | Egger test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Total Severe ICU |
1.383 1.306 1.405 |
1.183; 1.616 1.144; 1.618 0.964; 2.047 |
22.3 18.7 39.0 |
0.000 0.001 0.077 |
0.385 |
| Age | >50 yr >60 yr >65 yr |
4.153 1.841 2.250 |
1.426; 12.090 0.905; 3.746 1.677; 3.017 |
73.8 72.8 0.0 |
0.009 0.092 0.000 |
0.650 0.442 0.343 |
| Obesity | Total Severe ICU |
2.519 2.380 1.267 |
1.498; 4.235 0.995; 5.695 0.706; 2.276 |
81.7 71.6 89.8 |
0.000 0.051 0.000 |
0.198 |
| Comorbidity | Total Severe ICU |
2.661 3.258 1.267 |
1.700; 4.163 1.955; 5.428 0.706; 2.276 |
71.5 72.8 8.2 |
0.000 0.000 0.427 |
0.289 |
| Hypertension | Total Severe ICU |
2.041 2.170 1.835 |
1.591; 2.619 1.586; 2.970 1.188; 2.833 |
50.1 48.1 56.8 |
0.000 0.000 0.006 |
0.545 |
| CVD | Total Severe ICU |
2.264 2.353 2.056 |
1.705; 3.007 1.815; 3.051 1.061; 3.983 |
44.4 79.1 0.0 |
0.000 0.000 0.033 |
0.148 |
| Diabetes | Total Severe ICU |
2.156 2.569 1.608 |
1.651; 2.815 1.906; 3.463 1.043; 1.043 |
63.7 36.1 76.8 |
0.000 0.000 0.032 |
0.030 |
| WBC increased | Total Severe ICU |
2.784 2.530 3.573 |
1.878; 4.125 1.546; 4.142 2.201; 5.800 |
55.2 61.4 0.1 |
0.000 0.000 0.000 |
0.069 |
| Lymphocyte decreased | Total Severe ICU |
2.054 1.851 4.262 |
1.641; 2.571 1.496; 2.289 1.817; 9.997 |
91.7 89.9 88.2 |
0.000 0.000 0.001 |
0.094 |
| Platelet decreased | Total Severe ICU |
1.852 1.871 1.680 |
1.602; 2.142 1.607; 2.178 1.037; 2.720 |
0.0 0.0 0.0 |
0.000 0.000 0.035 |
0.635 |
| CRP increased | Total Severe ICU |
1.495 1.493 1.523 |
1.353; 1.652 1.345; 1.658 1.087; 2.132 |
79.3 77.8 87.4 |
0.000 0.000 0.014 |
0.009 |
| PCT increased | Total Severe ICU |
2.403 2.613 2.151 |
1.727; 3.343 1.753; 3.894 0.930; 4.973 |
54.7 57.2 68.3 |
0.000 0.000 0.073 |
0.002 |
| Albumin decreased | Total Severe ICU |
2.257 2.555 1.352 |
1.562; 3.262 1.501; 4.350 0.260; 7.029 |
69.9 77.2 83.5 |
0.000 0.001 0.720 |
0.585 |
| ALT increased | Total Severe ICU |
1.857 2.057 1.407 |
1.389; 2.483 1.396; 3.032 0.830; 2.384 |
41.1 60.6 0.0 |
0.000 0.000 0.205 |
0.645 |
| AST increased | Total Severe ICU |
2.356 2.468 2.292 |
1.917; 2.896 1.810; 3.363 1.756; 2.990 |
39.1 56.6 0.0 |
0.000 0.000 0.000 |
0.087 |
| LDH increased | Total Severe ICU |
1.744 1.860 1.315 |
1.384; 2.199 1.487; 2.326 0.443; 3.901 |
86.2 81.5 96.3 |
0.000 0.000 0.622 |
0.243 |
| SCr increased | Total Severe ICU |
2.245 2.003 2.568 |
1.474; 3.421 1.247; 3.217 0.971; 6.792 |
21.2 0.0 66.8 |
0.000 0.000 0.057 |
0.534 |
| TnI/TnT increased | Total Severe ICU |
4.707 6.034 3.357 |
2.234; 9.917 2.758; 13.201 0.978; 11.520 |
77.2 40.5 90.2 |
0.000 0.000 0.054 |
0.154 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; TnI/TnT, troponin I/troponin T; SCr, serum Cr.