Table 1.
Participant demographics and clinical characteristics.
| ASD(N = 474) | TD(N = 193) | t/χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex(M/F) | 402/72 | 107/86 | 65.446 | <0.001 | *** |
| Age(year) | 3.73 (1.01) | 3.71 (0.86) | −0.233 | 0.816 | |
| Father's age(year) | 34.59 (4.61) | 33.70 (4.38) | −2.244 | 0.025 | * |
| Mother's age(year) | 32.89 (4.06) | 32.52 (3.81) | −1.057 | 0.291 | |
| SRS Total score | 93.26 (22.23) | 35.51 (10.87) | −42.922 | <0.001 | *** |
| CBCL/1.5-5 | |||||
| Internalizing problems | 59.68 (9.29) | 43.03 (13.16) | −16.024 | <0.001 | *** |
| Externalizing problems | 51.95 (8.67) | 39.50 (11.76) | −13.301 | <0.001 | *** |
| Total problems | 56.70 (10.05) | 40.77 (12.72) | −15.528 | <0.001 | *** |
| CSHQ total score | 46.48 (6.25) | 46.36 (6.14) | −0.227 | 0.821 | |
| Bedtime resistance | 11.71 (2.16) | 11.40 (2.20) | −1.673 | 0.095 | |
| Sleep onset delay | 1.88 (0.75) | 1.62 (0.70) | −4.255 | <0.001 | *** |
| Sleep duration | 4.86 (1.72) | 4.78 (1.76) | −0.536 | 0.592 | |
| Sleep anxiety | 6.41 (1.72) | 7.17 (1.95) | 4.694 | <0.001 | *** |
| Night awakening | 3.51 (1.08) | 3.35 (0.75) | −2.155 | 0.032 | * |
| Parasomnias | 7.81 (1.72) | 8.00 (1.84) | 1.295 | 0.196 | |
| Sleep disordered breathing | 3.35 (0.95) | 3.24 (0.70) | −1.706 | 0.089 | |
| Daytime sleepiness | 11.61 (2.70) | 11.43 (2.58) | −0.781 | 0.435 |
*0.01 < p ≤ 0.05; ***p ≤ 0.001.
SRS, social responsiveness scale; CBCL/1.5-5, child behavior checklist version for preschool children, CSHQ, children's sleep habits questionnaire. Results are presented with the mean and the standard deviation.