TABLE 3.

STING modulators.

Compound	Affinity	Disease model	Disease outcome	References
STING activator CDNs	mSTING; Kd∼110 nM, hSTING; ∼4.59 nM	Viral infection+; Cancer+; EAE+	Protective against viral infections; shows anti-tumour activity in mouse models of various cancers; delays EAE and reduce the overall disease severity	Burdette et al., 2011; Chandra et al., 2014; Lemos et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014
STING activator DMXAA	mSTING; Kd∼130 nM	Cancer+	Shows potent anti-tumour activity in mouse models of lung cancer and mesothelioma	Conlon et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2013
STING activator CMA	mSTING; Kd:3.5 μM	SAH–	Exacerbates neuronal damage and neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of SAH	Zhang et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2020
STING activator GCV	m/hSTING; Kd:N/A	EAE+; Viral infection+	Attenuates EAE pathology in mice; protective against cytomegalovirus infections	Mathur et al., 2017
STING inhibitor GSK2656157	N/A	TBI+	Reduces lesion volume and improves neurobehavioral outcome	Sen et al., 2020
STING inhibitor C-176	mSTING; IC50 < 50 nM	AGS+; SAH+	Ameliorates STING associated-inflammation in AGS mouse model; reduces brain oedema, neuronal damage and neuroinflammatory response in SAH mouse model	Haag et al., 2018; Peng et al., 2020

Kd (dissociation constant) indicates the affinity of STING binding to the compound ligand. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) is the concentration of an inhibitor where the response (or binding) is reduced by half. ⁽⁺⁾ denotes beneficial and ^(–) denotes detrimental effects of STING compound in disease outcome. mSTING, mouse STNG; hSTING, human STING.