GAPDH activity is reduced after reaction with pre-oxidized B2M. GAPDH (0.2 μM in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) was incubated with photo-oxidized B2M (0.2 μM in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min photolysis) for 60 min and then residual GAPDH activity was determined. The control samples were untreated GAPDH (0.2 μM) alone. Bar labelled ‘RB + GAPDH’ indicates GAPDH samples incubated with RB alone. Bar labelled B2M + RB + GAPDH dark’ indicates B2M samples incubated with RB and GAPDH in the absence of light. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical differences were examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's multiple comparison test and are indicated as follows: #P < 0.05 vs. GAPDH alone samples.