Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| TCAR (n = 7664) | CEA (n = 78 363) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 73.1 (9.6) | 70.6 (9.2) | <.001 |
| Women | 2788 (36.4) | 30 928 (39.5) | <.001 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30) | 2587 (33.9) | 26 884 (34.4) | .47 |
| Missing | 39 (<0.1) | 89 (0.1) | NA |
| Race | |||
| White | 6938 (90.6) | 70 663 (90.2) | .30 |
| Black | 338 (4.4) | 3770 (4.8) | .12 |
| Asian | 61 (0.8) | 856 (1.1) | .18 |
| Pacific Islander | 5 (0.1) | 63 (0.1) | .81 |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 42 (0.6) | 177 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Other | 273 (3.6) | 2782 (3.6) | .44 |
| Missing | 7 (<0.1) | 52 (0.1) | NA |
| Hispanic or Latino | 290 (3.8) | 2789 (3.6) | .32 |
| Symptoms | 3741 (48.8) | 37 883 (48.3) | .44 |
| CAD | 3876 (50.6) | 20 757 (26.5) | <.001 |
| Missing | 3 (<0.1) | 51 (0.1) | NA |
| CHF | 1356 (17.7) | 8669 (11.1) | <.001 |
| Missing | 4 (<0.1) | 28 (<0.1) | NA |
| Coronary revascularization | 3066 (40.0) | 26 976 (34.4) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 6951 (90.8) | 69 911 (89.2) | <.001 |
| Missing | 5 (<0.1) | 7 (<0.1) | NA |
| COPD | 2076 (27.1) | 18 104 (23.1) | <.001 |
| Home oxygen | 275 (3.6) | 1714 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Missing | 5 (<0.1) | 38 (<0.1) | NA |
| Diabetes | 2925 (38.2) | 28 430 (36.3) | .001 |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | 16 (<0.1) | NA |
| CKD (creatinine >1.7 mg/dL) | 471 (6.2) | 4386 (5.6) | .05 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Active | 1705 (22.3) | 20 051 (25.6) | <.001 |
| Prior | 3970 (51.9) | 38 208 (48.8) | <.001 |
| Missing | 9 (<0.1) | 32 (<0.1) | NA |
| Prior carotid procedure | |||
| Ipsilateral | 1222 (15.9) | 1581 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Contralateral | 1167 (15.2) | 10 801 (13.8) | .001 |
| Preoperative medications | |||
| Aspirin | 6840 (89.3) | 65 536 (83.7) | <.001 |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | 21 (<0.1) | NA |
| P2y12 inhibitor | 6627 (86.5) | 27 084 (34.6) | <.001 |
| Missing | 3 (<0.1) | 25 (<0.1) | NA |
| Dual antiplatelet | 6042 (78.9) | 22 610 (28.9) | <.001 |
| Missing | 3 (<0.1) | 25 (<0.1) | NA |
| Statin | 6822 (89.0) | 65 455 (83.6) | <.001 |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | 18 (<0.1) | NA |
| β blocker | 4406 (57.5) | 42 707 (54.5) | <.001 |
| Missing | 3 (<0.1) | 41 (0.1) | NA |
| Anticoagulation | 1102 (14.4) | 5549 (7.1) | <.001 |
| Missing | 4 (<0.1) | 151 (0.2) | NA |
| ACE inhibitor | 4084 (53.3) | 41 559 (53.1) | .66 |
| Missing | 5 (<0.1) | 31 (<0.1) | NA |
| Functional status | |||
| Ambulatory | 7242 (96.2) | 77 152 (98.6) | <.001 |
| Wheelchair | 271 (3.6) | 1018 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Severe mobility impairmentb | 12 (0.2) | 52 (0.1) | .009 |
| Missing | 139 (0.2) | 141 (0.2) | NA |
| Insurance | |||
| Medicare | 5024 (65.7) | 44 112 (56.3) | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 216 (2.8) | 2974 (3.8) | <.001 |
| Private | 2339 (30.6) | 29 828 (38.1) | <.001 |
| Non-US insurance or none | 65 (0.9) | 1400 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Missing | 20 (<0.1) | 49 (0.1) | NA |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CAD, coronary artery disease; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NA, not applicable; TCAR, transcarotid artery revascularization.
SI conversion: To convert creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4.
a
Percentages are calculated out of the total known values for each variable. There was less than 5% missing data for each variable.
b
Defined as being unable to get out of bed unassisted.