Table 1.
Annual Rates and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized With Selected Bacterial and Fungal Infections as Primary Diagnosis, Premier Healthcare Database, 2012–2017
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infective endocarditis: all hospitalizations | ||||||
| Weighted N | 12 415 | 12 081 | 11 600 | 11 686 | 11 760 | 12 939 |
| Rate per 100 000 persons | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
| Substance use disordersa N (%) | 19.9 | 23.8 | 26.4 | 29.7 | 32.6 | 39.4 |
| Infective endocarditis: hospitalizations with substance use diagnoses | ||||||
| Opioidb (%) | 55.6 | 58.2 | 54.9 | 62.4 | 67.4 | 72.4 |
| Length of stay, mean, days | 14.3 | 15.3 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 15.1 |
| Diedc (%) | 5.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.1 |
| Hospitalization costs, mean | US$30 515 | US$32 038 | US$36 765 | US$32 695 | US$35 860 | US$33 610 |
| Osteomyelitis: all hospitalizations | ||||||
| Weighted N | 39 246 | 39 623 | 40 537 | 40 014 | 47 458 | 35 773 |
| Rate per 100 000 persons | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 19.4 | 14.5 |
| Substance use disordersa N (%) | 8.2 | 9.0 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 16.6 |
| Osteomyelitis: hospitalizations with substance use diagnoses | ||||||
| Opioidb (%) | 46.4 | 48.8 | 47.1 | 52.5 | 56.4 | 60.4 |
| Length of stay, mean, days | 11.5 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 12.3 | 11.6 |
| Diedc (%) | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Hospitalization costs, mean | US$20 706 | US$21 432 | US$19 366 | US$20 551 | US$24 815 | US$22 607 |
| CNS abscess: all hospitalizations | ||||||
| Weighted N | 7801 | 7722 | 7480 | 7831 | 8764 | 9144 |
| Rate per 100 000 persons | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Substance use disordersa N (%) | 15.4 | 15.9 | 17.5 | 18.9 | 19.6 | 23.8 |
| CNS abscess: hospitalizations with substance use diagnoses | ||||||
| Opioidb (%) | 50.5 | 56.7 | 47.8 | 52.4 | 60.8 | 59.1 |
| Length of stay, mean, days | 17.2 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 14.7 |
| Diedc (%) | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Hospitalization costs, mean | US$36 675 | US$28 785 | $33 190 | US$31 515 | US$31 151 | US$30 064 |
| SSTI: all hospitalizations | ||||||
| Weighted N | 845 300 | 822 250 | 804 036 | 797 066 | 862 065 | 860 161 |
| Rate per 100 000 persons | 360.1 | 347.0 | 335.9 | 329.0 | 352.1 | 349.2 |
| Substance use disordersa N (%) | 6.8 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 |
| SSTI: hospitalizations with substance use diagnoses | ||||||
| Opioidb (%) | 48.9 | 47.7 | 47.6 | 49.1 | 54.7 | 53.8 |
| Length of stay, mean, days | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Diedc (%) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Hospitalization costs | US$8433 | US$8212 | US$8964 | US$9137 | US$9946 | US$10 254 |
Abbreviation: CNS, central nervous system; SSTI, skin and soft tissue infection.
a
Includes opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, or other/unspecified drugs (Supplementary Materials).
b
Proportion of hospitalizations of selected infections with at least 1 opioid-related diagnosis code (Supplementary Materials).
c
In-hospital death or discharge to hospice.