TABLE 1.
Definition of the exercise training interventions using the F.I.T.T. principle
| Type of exercise | Abbreviation | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic; vigorous intensity | AE‐V | Frequency: 3–5 times per week, each session lasting 30–60 min |
| Intensity: >65% VO2max or >65% HRR or >75% HRmax | ||
| Time: ≥8 weeks | ||
| Type: Any mode of aerobic only (e.g., walking, running, cycling and swimming) | ||
| Aerobic; moderate intensity | AE‐M | Frequency: 3–5 times per week, each session lasting 30–60 min |
| Intensity: 45–65% VO2max or >50–65% HRR or 65–75% HRmax | ||
| Time: ≥8 weeks | ||
| Type: Any mode of aerobic only (e.g., walking, running, cycling and swimming) | ||
| Resistance; high load | R‐HI | Frequency: 3 times per week; each session lasting 30–60 min |
| Intensity: Average maximum load > 75% 1RM | ||
| Time: ≥8 weeks | ||
| Type: Any mode of resistance training (e.g., free weights, weights machines and resistance bands) | ||
| Resistance; low‐moderate load | R‐LM | Frequency: 3 times per week; each session lasting 30–60 min |
| Intensity: Average maximum load 50–75% 1RM | ||
| Time: ≥8 weeks | ||
| Type: Any mode of resistance training (e.g., free weights, weights machines and resistance bands) | ||
| Combined; high intensity | COM‐HI | A combination of aerobic; vigorous intensity and resistance; high load |
| Combined; low‐moderate intensity | COM‐LM | A combination of aerobic; moderate intensity and resistance; low‐moderate intensity |
| Control | CON | No exercise |
Abbreviations: F.I.T.T., frequency, intensity, time and type; HRmax, maximum heart rate; HRR, heart rate reserve; RM, repetition maximum; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.