Table 2.

Association between state-level sentiment and hate crimes occurring in that state (N=200).

	Incidence Rate Ratio	95% CI
Negative minority sentiment and any hate crime	1.03	0.65	1.65
Negative minority sentiment and hate crimes against minorities	1.38	0.66	2.85
Negative Black sentiment and hate crimes against Blacks	0.99	0.52	1.90
Negative White sentiment and hate crimes against Whites	1.56	0.68	3.58
Negative Arab sentiment and hate crimes against Arabs	1.00	0.88	1.13
Negative Hispanic sentiment and hate crimes against Hispanics	1.50	0.46	4.84
Negative Asian sentiment and hate crimes against Asians	0.28	0.04	1.77

Adjusted negative binomial regression models were run for each outcome separately. Models controlled for year and state-level % non-Latino Black, % Latino, southern state indicator, population density, and economic disadvantage (standardized factor score summarizing the following four variables: percent unemployed; percent with some college, percent with high school diploma, percent children in poverty, percent single parent households, and percent median household income).