Table 2.

Sensitivity, negative predicted value (NPV) with confidence intervals (CI), McNemar and Kappa statistic of the different diagnostic tests used

Test method	Sensitivity (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	P McNemar	Kappa (P value)
Microscopy (KK)	48.8% (37.9–59.9)	13.7% (5.7–26.3)	< 0.001	0.126 (P = 0.013)
POC-CCA	84.9% (75.5–91.7)	31.6% (12.6–56.6)	= 0.002	0.395 (P < 0.001)
Serum-based real-time PCR	95.4% (88.5–98.7)	63.6% (30.8–89.1)	= 0.125	0.755 (P < 0.001)
DBS real-time PCR	45.4% (34.6–56.5)	13% (5.4–24.9)	< 0.001	0.111 (P = 0.019)

Serum-based real-time PCR and Kato-Katz results were used as reference (any positives by either of these two methods were deemed to be true positive)

DBS dried blood spot, KK Kato-Katz, PCR polymerase chain reaction, POC-CCA point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen