. 2021 Feb 23;17:21. doi: 10.1186/s13007-021-00720-x

Table 1.

Composition of culture media used in this study for Arabidopsis protoplast regeneration

Medium name	Medium composition	Storage	Function	References
Protoplast Induction Medium (PIM)	Gamborg B5 medium containing vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 60 g/L myo-inositol, 2 mg/L 6-BAP, and 0.5 mg/L α-NAA (pH adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl). Medium was sterilized using a 0.2 µm syringe filter	Freshly prepared	Induction of protoplast division
Culture Medium A (CMA)	Gamborg B5 medium containing vitamins, 72 g/L d-glucose, 1 mg/L 2,4-D, and 0.15 mg/L 6-BAP (pH adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl). Medium was sterilized using a 0.2 µm syringe filter	Freshly prepared	Induction of protoplast division	[17]
Protoplast Culture Arabidopsis (PCA)	Gamborg B5 medium containing vitamins, 85 g/L d-glucose, 0.75 g/L MgSO₄^.7H₂O, 0.34 g/L CaCl₂, 0.05 g/L l-glutamine, 20 mL/L coconut water, 0.1 mg/L 2-IP, and 0.5 mg/L α-NAA (pH adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl). Medium was sterilized using a 0.2 µm syringe filter	Freshly prepared	Induction of protoplast division; microcallus growth	[21]
Callus Induction Medium (CIM)	Gamborg B5 medium containing vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 2 mg/L 6-BAP, and 0.5 mg/L α-NAA (pH adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl). Medium was sterilized using a 0.2 µm syringe filter	Freshly prepared	Microcallus growth
Culture Medium C (CMC)	Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing vitamins, 54 g/L d-glucose, 20 g/L sucrose, 0.5 g/L myo-inositol, 0.45 g/L l-glutamine, 0.05 mg/L 2,4-D, and 1 mg/L kinetin (pH adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl). Medium was sterilized using a 0.2 µm syringe filter	Freshly prepared	Microcallus growth	[17]
Shoot Induction Medium (SIM)	MS medium containing vitamin, 30 g/L sucrose, 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O, 0.1576 mg/L IAA, and 0.501 mg/L 2-IP. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of shoot regeneration	[29]
Shoot Regeneration Medium A (SRMA)	MS medium containing vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O, 7 mg/L 2-IP, and 0.05 mg/L IAA. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of shoot regeneration	[17]
Shoot Regeneration Arabidopsis (SRA)	Half-strength MS (1/2 MS) medium containing vitamin, 15 g/L sucrose, 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O, 2 mg/L kinetin, and 0.05 mg/L IAA. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of shoot regeneration	[23]
Murashige and Skoog Medium (MS)	1/2 MS medium containing vitamin, 10 g/L sucrose, and 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of root emergence; seedling growth	[17]
Rooting Medium (RM)	1/2 MS medium containing vitamin, 10 g/L sucrose, 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O, and 1 mg/L IBA. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of root emergence	[17]
Root Regeneration Arabidopsis (RRA)	MS medium containing vitamin, 15 g/L sucrose, 0.47 g/L MES^.H₂O, 1 mg/L α-NAA, and 0.5 mg/L IBA. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 using 2 M NaOH or 1 M HCl before the addition of plant agar (8 g/L), and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 10 min	Freshly prepared	Induction of root emergence	[21]