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. 2021 Feb 8;11:595342. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595342

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Copyright © 2021 Qin, Xiang, Su, Sun and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The device of vagus nerve stimulation. (A) The first device for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a pulse generator is placed in a subcutaneous pocket in the left chest wall and a spiral electrode wrapped around the left vagus nerve in the neck (97). (B) GammaCore, a handheld, self-contained non-invasive VNS (nVNS) device, directly contacts cervical skin surfaces and delivers electrical signal to the vagus (98). (C) NEMOS, an external device that provides transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) by using a dedicated intra-auricular electrode, stimulates the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (99).