Table 2.
Patient Outcomes of Patients With Pneumonia With Negative Cultures Comparing Odds of Events for Those Who Were De-escalated With Those Who Were Not De-escalated on Hospital Day 4
| Outcome | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | IPTW OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital 14-day mortality | .45 (.30–.67) | .65 (.39–1.08) | .095 |
| Late ICU (day 5+)a | .30 (.16–.56) | .38 (.18–.79) | .01 |
| Late IMV (day 5+)a | .19 (.08–.45) | .25 (.09–.66) | .005 |
| Late vasopressor (day 5+)a | .10 (.03–.32) | .13 (.04–.44) | .001 |
| CDIb | .96 (.42–2.23) | 1.33 (.40–4.47) | .64 |
| Costc | .65 (.62–.68) | .74 (.72–.76) | <.001 |
| Length of stay | .70 (.68–.73) | .76 (.75–.78) | <.001 |
Data are presented as ORs (95% CIs) except for cost and length of stay (mean multipliers). Abbreviations: CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IPTW, Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting; OR, odds ratio.
Among patients not previously in the ICU, on IMV, or on vasopressor, respectively.
Patients with Clostridium difficile diagnosis codes present on admission (008.45) or with a positive Clostridium difficile test by hospital day 4 were excluded.
Patients with no costs or from hospitals where most patients show no costs are excluded from this analysis.