Table 2.

Parameter estimates based on the least square with constraints.

Parameters		Definition	Initial value	Lower bound	Upper bound	Estimated value
$E\left(0\right)$		Initial value of exposed but not quarantined population	200	50	1000	224.03
$I_s\left(0\right)$		Initial value of infected patients with symptoms	20	10	150	149.74
$I_a\left(0\right)$		Initial value of infected patients with no symptoms	15	10	200	14.616
$\lambda$		Transition rate from exposed and quarantined to susceptible	0.05	0.01	0.5	0.4975
$\mu$		Transition rate from exposed and not quarantined to susceptible	0.1	0.01	0.9	0.6328
$c_1\left(t\right)$	$c_{10}$	Baseline contact rate of infected people with symptoms	1.5	0.5	5	1.8326
	$c_{1b}$	Minimum contact rate of infected people with symptoms under control strategies	0.5	0.005	2	0.8401
	$r_1$	Denotes how an exponential decrease in the contact rate of infected people with symptoms is achieved	0.15	0.005	0.4	0.0742
$c_2\left(t\right)$	$c_{20}$	Baseline contact rate of infected people without symptoms	3	0.5	10	3.2825
	$c_{2b}$	Minimum contact rate of infected people without symptoms under control strategies	1	0.005	2	0.9444
	$r_2$	Denotes how an exponential decrease in the contact rate of infected people without symptoms is achieved	0.1	0.001	0.4	0.0010
$q\left(t\right)$	$q_0$	Baseline quarantine rate	0.1	0.01	0.2	0.0504
	$q_m$	Maximum quarantine rate under control strategies	0.05	0.04	0.1	0.0536
	$r_3$	Denotes how an exponential increase in the quarantined rate is achieved	0.15	0.05	0.5	0.4998
$\sigma$		Transition rate of exposed and not quarantined to infected	0.05	0.01	0.2	0.0722
$\beta$		Infection rate of exposed quarantined patient	0.05	0.01	0.2	0.0100
$\rho$		Probability of having symptoms for an infected patient	0.25	0.1	0.6	0.4835
${\gamma }_a$		Transition rate from infected patients with no symptoms to patients with symptoms or recovered	0.1	0.01	0.9	0.6361
${\delta }_s\left(t\right)$	${\varphi }_{s0}$	Baseline of the test rate of infected people with symptoms	0.0333	0.01	0.1429	0.0100
	${\varphi }_{sf}$	Maximum of the test rate of infected people with symptoms	0.3333	0.0714	0.5	0.1197
	$r_4$	Denotes how an exponential increase in the test rate of infected people with symptoms is achieved	0.15	0.001	0.4	0.2803
${\delta }_a\left(t\right)$	${\varphi }_{a0}$	Baseline of the test rate of infected people without symptoms	0.0167	0.01	0.0714	0.0435
	${\varphi }_{af}$	Maximum of the test rate of infected people without symptoms	0.0714	0.0333	0.5	0.0334
	$r_5$	Denotes how an exponential decrease in the test rate of infected people without symptoms is achieved	0.05	0.0001	0.15	0.1282
${\gamma }_1$		Transition rate from confirmed cases quarantined at home to hospital or recovered	0.07	0.01	0.1429	0.1423
${\gamma }_2$		Transition rate from confirmed cases quarantined at hospital to recovered or death	0.05	0.01	0.1429	0.1428
${\omega }_2$		Probability of infected patients without symptoms transit to have symptoms	0.1	0.05	0.5	0.3953
${\omega }_3$		Probability of confirmed cases quarantined at home transit to be hospitalized	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.4998
${\omega }_5$		The proportion of confirmed patients who are quarantined at home	0.85	0.7	0.9	0.7045
${\omega }_4\left(t\right)$	${\omega }_{40}$	Baseline of the recovery rate of confirmed and hospitalized cases	0.85	0.85	0.99	0.8500
	${\omega }_{4b}$	Maximum of the recovery rate of confirmed and hospitalized cases	0.92	0.92	0.96	0.9599
	$r_6$	Denotes how an exponential increase in the recovery rate of confirmed and hospitalized cases	0.08	0.01	0.1	0.0197