Table 1. Treatment of transplant renal vein thrombosis, in the first 2 weeks. Literature review.
| Author | Case report | Time to ARVT | Risk factors | Treatment | Treatment time | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rerolle et al. [8] | Case 1 | POD 8 | Right kidney, cold ischemia time 40 hours, ISS with MMF and CsA; delayed graft function; | PT thromboaspiration followed by full heparinization; | Immediately | Restored satisfactory vein patency (20 min). SCr at 6 months was 2 mg/dL. |
| Case 2 | POD 12 | Right kidney, cold ischemia time 30 hours 30 minutes; DGF; ISS with CsA; | PT thromboaspiration followed by full heparinization; | Immediately | Restored satisfactory vein patency (20 minutes). SCr at 6 months was 1.4 mg/dL. | |
| Lerman et al. [21] | Case 1 | ND but until POD 15 | ISS with MMF, no other was reported inclusive aberrant venous anatomy | Graft explanted and flushed with preservation solution and TPA followed by clot removal (renal and iliac vein), graft reimplantation and full heparinization. | After 1 day | Early allograft dysfunction because of significant tubular damage, however, at 17 weeks after renal vein thrombectomy SCr was 1.74 mg/dL. |
| Hori et al. [22] | Case 1 | Uncertain POD 1 – 4 |
BMI 33.4 kg/m2, IMS with MMF, hematoma | Surgical thrombectomy | POD 4 | POD 10 SCr ≈ 1.5 mg/dL |
| Fathi et al. [20] | Case 1 | POD 0 | Hematoma | Surgery thrombectomy and evacuated hematoma | Immediately | Functioning graft for more than 4 years |
| Case 2 | POD 2 | ND | Surgical thrombectomy | Immediately | Functioning graft for more than 6 months | |
| Kawano et al. [7] | Case 1 | POD 10 | Cold ischemia time 24 hours 42 minutes; ISS with MMF | Surgical approach: infusion with Euro-Collins solution by RA resulting in output vein thrombi followed by systemic heparinization | Immediately | Recovered urine output and kidney function after 1 week |
BMI = body mass index; CsA = cyclosporine; DGF = delayed graft function; ISS = immunosuppressive treatment; MMF = mycophenolate mofetil; ND = not defined; POD = postoperative day; PT = percutaneous transluminal; RA = renal artery; SCr = serum creatinine; TPA = tissue plasminogen activator; ARVT = transplant renal vein thrombosis.