TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (mean ± SD).
| Variable | HC (N = 52) | PDD (N = 36) | PDND (N = 60) | P |
| Gender (M/F) | 23/29 | 15/21 | 35/25 | 0.189a |
| Age (years) | 56.212 ± 8.465 | 56.361 ± 8.319 | 56.950 ± 9.967 | 0.903b |
| Education (years) | 8.087 ± 3.656 | 6.694 ± 3.069 | 7.367 ± 3.361 | 0.168b |
| Disease duration (years) | NA | 2.667 ± 2.588 | 2.304 ± 1.733 | 0.415c |
| MMSE | 26.673 ± 3.294 | 26.250 ± 2.882 | 27.067 ± 2.469 | 0.401b |
| HDRS-17 | 2.289 ± 2.615 | 14.639 ± 4.859 | 3.283 ± 2.116 | <0.001b |
| BDI-21 | 9.804 ± 9.353 | 23.000 ± 10.570 | 8.733 ± 5.862 | <0.001b |
| UPDRS-III | NA | 19.056 ± 11.810 | 14.800 ± 9.896 | 0.061c |
| H-Y | NA | 1.639 ± 0.743 | 1.550 ± 0.642 | 0.538c |
| REL-GMV | 0.408 ± 0.028 | 0.405 ± 0.026 | 0.403 ± 0.028 | 0.686b |
| REL-WMV | 0.338 ± 0.021 | 0.337 ± 0.02 | 0.335 ± 0.024 | 0.727b |
| Mean Power_FD | 0.096 ± 0.05 | 0.074 ± 0.037 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.078b |
Significant post hoc two-sample t-tests (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected): DRS-17: PDD vs. PDND; PDD vs. HC; BDI-21: PDD vs. PDND; PDD vs. HC. PDD, Parkinson’s disease with depression; PDND, PD patients without depression; HC, healthy control; HDRS-17,17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; BDI-21, 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-motor part III; H-Y, Hoehn and Yahr staging scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; REL-GMV, relative gray matter volume; REL-WMV, relative white matter volume; FD, framewise displacement; NA, not applicable. For comparisons of demographics: ap value for the gender difference was obtained by chi-square test. bp values were obtained by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. cp values were obtained by two-sample t-test.