Table 1.

Baseline characteristics for all randomized patients

Characteristic	Ketogenic-usual diet (n = 13)	Usual-ketogenic diet (n = 13)	All patients (n = 26)
Age (years)	68.0 ±5.4 (range, 57–77)	71.7 ± 6.2 (range, 61–79)	69.8 ± 6.0 (range, 57–79)
Sex (male)	10 (77%)	6 (46%)	16 (62%)
Education (years)	13.2 ± 3.6	11.5 ± 1.1	12.3 ±  2.7
Ethnicity
European	11 (85%)	11 (85%)	22 (85%)
Maori	1 (8%)	1 (8%)	2 (8%)
Cook Islander	0	1 (8%)	1 (4%)
Indian	1 (8%)	0	1 (4%)
Screening tests
Dementia severity rating scale	11.8 ± 5.2	12.4 ± 4.8	12.1 ± 4.9
Geriatric depression scale	2.2 ± 1.7	2.2 ± 2.0	2.2 ± 1.8
Hachinski ischemia scale	2.1 ± 1.4	1.4 ± 1.0	1.7 ±  1.3
Body mass index	27.8 ± 5.9	26.6 ± 2.7	27.2 ± 4.5
Apolipoprotein E genotype
Noncarrier (E2/3)	2 (15%)	1 (8%)	3 (12%)
Noncarrier (E3/3)	6 (46%)	0	6 (23%)
Heterozygote (E3/4)	4 (31%)	11 (85%)	15 (58%)
Homozygote (E4/4)	1 (8%)	1 (8%)	2 (8%)
Comorbidities relevant to ketogenic diet
Type 2 diabetes	0	2 (15%)	2 (8%)
Ischemic heart disease	2 (15%)	1 (8%)	3 (12%)
Cholecystectomy	0	1 (8%)	1 (4%)
History of urinary calculus	1 (8%)	2 (15%)	3 (12%)
History of gout	0	2 (15%)	2 (8%)
Medications relevant to cognition
Donepezil	4 (31%)	4 (31%)	8 (31%)
Beta-blocker	4 (31%)	1 (8%)	5 (19%)
Statin	2 (15%)	2 (15%)	4 (15%)
Benzodiazepine	1 (8%)	1 (8%)	2 (8%)
No medications at all	3 (23%)	4 (31%)	7 (27%)
Usual diet (by weight)
Fat	21%	21%	21%
Saturated	11%	12%	12%
Unsaturated	10%	9%	9%
Protein	24%	24%	24%
Fibre	7%	8%	8%
Net carbohydrate	48%	47%	47%
Usual diet (by energy intake)
Fat	37%	37%	37%
Protein	19%	19%	19%
Carbohydrate	44%	44%	44%

Except for % variables, values are presented as mean ± standard deviation

Due to round-off, some percent variables may add up to slightly over 100%