Table 2.
Results From Multilevel Logistic Models for Community SARS Epidemic Exposure and Depression Among Chinese Older Adults
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | |
| Fixed effects | ||||
| SARS exposure | 1.30 | [0.97, 1.74] | 1.99** | [1.23, 3.21] |
| × Social participation | 1.03 | [0.89, 1.18] | ||
| × Perceived support | 0.55* | [0.32, 0.94] | ||
| Social participationa | 1.00 | [0.96, 1.05] | 1.00 | [0.95, 1.05] |
| Perceived social support | 0.54*** | [0.45, 0.65] | 0.58*** | [0.48, 0.70] |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Age | 0.98* | [0.97, 0.99] | 0.98* | [0.97, 0.99] |
| Female | 1.88*** | [1.51, 2.35] | 1.90*** | [1.52, 2.37] |
| Education (ref: no education) | ||||
| Elementary school | 1.04 | [0.86, 1.26] | 1.04 | [0.86, 1.26] |
| Middle school | 0.74* | [0.56, 0.99] | 0.74* | [0.56, 0.98] |
| High school and above | 0.68 | [0.42, 1.10] | 0.68 | [0.42, 1.10] |
| Married | 0.64*** | [0.53, 0.78] | 0.64*** | [0.53, 0.78] |
| Number of children | 1.06 | [0.99, 1.11] | 1.05 | [0.99, 1.11] |
| Income | 0.98 | [0.94, 1.02] | 0.98 | [0.94, 1.01] |
| Rural residence | 1.05 | [0.80, 1.37] | 1.04 | [0.80, 1.36] |
| ADL limitationsb | 1.26*** | [1.16, 1.37] | 1.26*** | [1.16, 1.37] |
| IADL limitationsc | 1.27*** | [1.18, 1.37] | 1.27*** | [1.18, 1.37] |
| Poor self-rated health | 2.55*** | [2.17, 3.00] | 2.54*** | [2.16, 2.99] |
| Smoking (ref: never smoked) | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.18 | [0.89, 1.57] | 1.19 | [0.90, 1.58] |
| Former smoker | 1.23 | [0.98, 1.53] | 1.23 | [0.99, 1.54] |
| Drink alcohol (ref: never drank) | ||||
| Occasionally drink | 0.98 | [0.69, 1.37] | 0.97 | [0.69, 1.36] |
| Regularly drink | 0.97 | [0.79, 1.19] | 0.96 | [0.79, 1.18] |
| Vigorous physical activity (ref: no) | ||||
| Yes | 1.23 | [0.95, 1.60] | 1.23 | [0.95, 1.60] |
| No response | 1.17 | [0.98, 1.38] | 1.17 | [0.98, 1.38] |
| Community characteristics | ||||
| Neighborhood environmentd | 0.97 | [0.86, 1.08] | 0.97 | [0.86, 1.08] |
| Infrastructure availibilitye | 0.88*** | [0.81, 0.96] | 0.88*** | [0.81, 0.95] |
| Random effects | B | (SE) | B | (SE) |
| Community variance | 0.31*** | (0.07) | 0.31*** | (0.07) |
Notes: N = 4,341. ADL = activity of daily living; CI = confidence interval; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living; OR = odds ratio; SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; SE = standard error.
aSum score of eight items rated from 0 = did not participate to 3 = participated almost daily. bSum score of six ADL items coded as 1 = yes and 0 = no. cSum score of five IADL items coded as 1 = yes and 0 = no. dMean score of six items rated from 1 to 7. eSum score of six items coded as 1 = yes and 0 = no.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.