Table 1.
Comparison of patient demographics in COVID-19–like and COVID-19 cohortsa.
| Characteristics | COVID-19–like cohort (n=16,509) | COVID-19 cohort (n=159) | P valueb | |||||||||||||||
|
|
Influenza | Bacterial pneumonia | Viral pneumonia | Unspecified pneumonia | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Total |
|
|
||||||||||
| Total, n (%) | 1076 (6.5) | 2779 (16.8) | 681 (4.1) | 10,308 (62.4) | 1665 (10.1) | 16,509 | 159 |
|
||||||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 63.9 (20.7) | 63.9 (19.5) | 63.8 (19.7) | 67.2 (18.9) | 62.3 (18.8) | 65.8 (19.3) | 56.9 (20.3) | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Gender, n (%) | .08 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Female | 557 (51.8) | 1212 (43.6) | 346 (50.8) | 4823 (46.8) | 730 (43.8) | 7668 (46.4) | 85 (53.5) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Male | 519 (48.2) | 1567 (56.4) | 335 (49.2) | 5485 (53.2) | 933 (56.0) | 8839 (53.5) | 74 (46.5) |
|
|||||||||
| Race, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
White | 585 (54.4) | 1674 (60.2) | 376 (55.2) | 6096 (59.1) | 872 (52.4) | 9603 (58.2) | 43 (27.0) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Asian | 178 (16.5) | 429 (15.4) | 123 (18.1) | 1640 (15.9) | 284 (17.1) | 2654 (16.1) | 23 (14.5) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Black | 72 (6.7) | 130 (4.7) | 38 (5.6) | 598 (5.8) | 110 (6.6) | 948 (5.7) | <10 (<6.3) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Other | 241 (22.4) | 546 (19.6) | 144 (21.2) | 1974 (19.2) | 399 (24.0) | 3304 (20.0) | 76 (47.8) |
|
|||||||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic | 898 (83.5) | 2321 (83.5) | 568 (83.4) | 8786 (85.2) | 1335 (80.2) | 13,908 (84.2) | 81 (50.9) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Hispanic | 170 (15.8) | 380 (13.7) | 106 (15.6) | 1325 (12.9) | 267 (16.0) | 2248 (13.6) | 74 (46.5) |
|
|||||||||
| Insurance, n (%) | <.001 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Private | 263 (24.4) | 605 (21.8) | 176 (25.8) | 2160 (21.0) | 414 (24.9) | 3618 (21.9) | 32 (20.1) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Public | 747 (69.4) | 1974 (71.0) | 477 (70.0) | 7447 (72.5) | 1129 (67.8) | 11,804 (71.5) | 101 (63.5) |
|
|||||||||
|
|
Other | 66 (6.2) | 200 (7.2) | 28 (4.1) | 671 (6.5) | 122 (7.4) | 1087 (6.6) | 26 (16.4) |
|
|||||||||
| Ever smoked, n (%) | 402 (37.4) | 1128 (40.6) | 283 (41.6) | 4375 (42.4) | 635 (38.1) | 6823 (41.3) | 47 (29.6) | .003 | ||||||||||
| At least one comorbidityc | 771 (71.7) | 1745 (62.8) | 571 (83.8) | 7000 (67.9) | 997 (59.9) | 11,084 (67.1) | 59 (37.1) | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 91 (8.5) | 1031 (37.1) | 95 (14.0) | 1811 (17.6) | 797 (47.9) | 3825 (23.2) | 24 (15.1) | .02 | ||||||||||
| Time to invasive mechanical ventilation (days), mean (SD) | 4.4 (7.2) | 3.8 (6.7) | 6.9 (12.9) | 4.0 (7.2) | 4.3 (7.4) | 4.1 (7.3) | 2.9 (3.9) | <.001 | ||||||||||
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 62 (5.8) | 513 (18.5) | 82 (12.0) | 1586 (15.4) | 541 (32.5) | 2789 (16.9) | <10 (<6.3) | <.001 | ||||||||||
aPercentages may not add up to 100 due to missing values.
bThe P value was calculated between the total of 4 retrospective COVID-19–like cohorts and the COVID-19 cohort.
cComorbidities include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, respiratory failure, kidney disease, Alzheimer disease, and cirrhosis.