Table 2.
Univariable analysis for potential factors associated with overall survival in the development cohort. All values presented in the table represent data collected at the time of initial COVID-19 diagnosis.
| Factor | Number of patients (n=3729), n (%) | Overall survival rate, % (95% CI) | P value |
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| At 14 days | At 28 days |
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| Age (years) | <.001 | |||||||||||
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<50 | 1782 (47.8) | 99.9 (99.8-100) | 99.8 (99.5-100) |
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50-69 | 1373 (36.8) | 98.6 (98-99.2) | 98 (97.2-98.8) |
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≥70 | 574 (15.4) | 87 (84.3-89.8) | 81.6 (78.3-85) |
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| Sex | .01 | |||||||||||
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|
Female | 2193 (58.8) | 97.8 (97.2-98.4) | 96.8 (96-97.6) |
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Male | 1536 (41.2) | 96.9 (96-97.8) | 95.2 (94.1-96.4) |
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| Comorbidity | ||||||||||||
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Hypertension | <.001 |
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No | 2932 (78.6) | 98.7 (98.3-99.1) | 98 (97.4-98.6) |
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Yes | 795 (21.3) | 92.7 (90.9-94.6) | 89.7 (87.4-91.9) |
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Diabetes | <.001 |
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No | 3275 (87.8) | 98.3 (97.8-98.7) | 97.3 (96.7-98) |
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Yes | 452 (12.1) | 91.5 (88.9-94.1) | 88.1 (85-91.3) |
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Dementia | <.001 |
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No | 3359 (90.1) | 98.3 (97.9-98.7) | 97.3 (96.7-97.9) |
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Yes | 150 (4) | 74.5 (67.8-81.8) | 67.4 (60.1-75.6) |
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Chronic cardiac disease a | <.001 |
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No | 3582 (96.1) | 97.7 (97.2-98.2) | 96.7 (96-97.3) |
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Yes | 147 (3.9) | 91.1 (86.6-95.8) | 85.8 (79.9-92) |
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Cancer in active treatment | .03 |
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No | 3636 (97.5) | 97.5 (97-98) | 96.3 (95.7-97) |
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Yes | 90 (2.4) | 95.5 (91.2-99.9) | 89.8 (82.5-97.7) |
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Chronic pulmonary disease b | <.001 |
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No | 3628 (97.3) | 97.6 (97.1-98.1) | 96.5 (95.9-97.2) |
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Yes | 101 (2.7) | 92 (86.8-97.5) | 85.3 (77.9-93.3) |
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Chronic hepatic disease | .6 |
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No | 3463 (92.9) | 97.3 (96.7-97.8) | 96 (95.2-96.7) |
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Yes | 47 (1.3) | 97.9 (93.8-100) | 95.3 (89.1-100) |
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Chronic renal failure | <.001 |
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No | 3691 (99) | 97.5 (97-98) | 96.3 (95.7-97) |
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Yes | 36 (1) | 85.7 (74.9-98.1) | 81.2 (68.4-96.4) |
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|
Autoimmune disease | .56 |
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No | 3476 (93.2) | 97.3 (96.7-97.8) | 96 (95.3-96.7) |
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|
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Yes | 31 (0.8) | 96.8 (90.8-100) | 90.7 (78.7-100) |
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| Symptoms |
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|
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Sputum | .59 |
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|
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No | 2612 (70) | 97.4 (96.8-98.1) | 96 (95.2-96.9) |
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|
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Yes | 1114 (29.9) | 97.4 (96.4-98.3) | 96.5 (95.4-97.7) |
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|
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|
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Dyspnea | <.001 |
|
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|
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No | 3272 (87.7) | 98.3 (97.9-98.8) | 97.4 (96.8-98) |
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|
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Yes | 454 (12.2) | 90.9 (88.2-93.6) | 87.6 (84.4-90.9) |
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|
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|
|
Diarrhea | .81 |
|
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|
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No | 3381 (90.7) | 97.4 (96.8-97.9) | 96.1 (95.4-96.8) |
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|
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Yes | 345 (9.3) | 98 (96.5-99.5) | 96.8 (94.8-98.8) |
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|
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|
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Nausea/vomiting | .2 |
|
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|
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No | 3558 (95.4) | 97.5 (97-98.1) | 96.3 (95.6-97) |
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|
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Yes | 168 (4.5) | 95.1 (91.8-98.5) | 94.3 (90.8-98) |
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|
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Fatigue | .006 |
|
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|
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No | 3562 (95.5) | 97.5 (97-98.1) | 96.4 (95.7-97.1) |
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|
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Yes | 164 (4.4) | 95 (91.7-98.5) | 91.9 (87.6-96.5) |
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|
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Mental disturbance | <.001 |
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No | 3704 (99.3) | 97.7 (97.3-98.2) | 96.5 (95.9-97.2) |
|
|
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|
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Yes | 22 (0.6) | 45.5 (28.8-71.8) | 40.4 (24.2-67.5) |
|
|
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| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | .02 |
|
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|
|
<140 | 2345 (62.9) | 97.8 (97.2-98.4) | 96.8 (96-97.6) |
|
|
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|
|
≥140 | 1290 (34.6) | 96.9 (95.9-97.9) | 95.3 (94-96.6) |
|
|
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| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | .01 |
|
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|
|
<80 | 1401 (37.6) | 96.7 (95.7-97.6) | 94.9 (93.7-96.2) |
|
|
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|
|
≥80 | 2234 (59.9) | 98 (97.4-98.6) | 97.1 (96.3-97.8) |
|
|
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| Heart rate (per min) | .005 |
|
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|
|
<110 | 3374 (90.5) | 97.7 (97.2-98.2) | 96.4 (95.7-97.1) |
|
|
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|
|
≥110 | 272 (7.3) | 94.4 (91.6-97.2) | 93.5 (90.6-96.6) |
|
|
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| Body temperature (°C) | <.001 |
|
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|
|
<38 | 3523 (94.5) | 97.8 (97.3-98.3) | 96.4 (95.8-97.1) |
|
|
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|
|
≥38 | 179 (4.8) | 93.2 (89.6-97) | 93.2 (89.6-97) |
|
|
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| Baseline hemogram |
|
|
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|
|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | <.001 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
≥12.5 | 1923 (51.6) | 97.9 (97.2-98.5) | 96.8 (95.9-97.7) |
|
|
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|
|
<12.5 | 773 (20.7) | 93.6 (91.8-95.3) | 90.8 (88.7-93.1) |
|
|
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|
|
Absolute lymphocyte count (per mm 3 ) | <.001 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
≥1000 | 2161 (58) | 98.3 (97.8-98.9) | 97.7 (97-98.4) |
|
|
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|
|
<1000 | 518 (13.9) | 89.7 (87.1-92.4) | 84.3 (81-87.8) |
|
|
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|
|
Platelet count (per mm 3 ) | <.001 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
≥100,000 | 2634 (70.6) | 96.9 (96.2-97.5) | 95.2 (94.3-96.1) |
|
|
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|
|
<100,000 | 62 (1.7) | 85.3 (76.9-94.7) | 83.5 (74.7-93.4) |
|
|
||||||
aChronic cardiac disease was a composite variable including heart failure and cardiac disease.
bChronic pulmonary disease was a composite variable including asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.