Figure 1.

Phases of organoid culture include (A) establishment of the culture, (B) expansion of the biomass and (C) reaching a critical biomass needed for molecular characterization and stabilization. (D) Patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids can be established from surgical resection specimens and endoscopic ultrasound-guided diagnostic biopsy cores with high success rate. (E) The late cultures present a characteristic growth pattern that remains stable. The appearance of organoid culture does differ between the sources of original tumor tissue.