Table 2.
Study, Y | Study Design | Specialtya | Sample Size | Educational Theory | Intervention | Intervention Category |
McCue, 199135 | NRS | Ped, IM | 64 | NR | Workshop | Stress management |
Ospina-Kammerer, 200336 | NRS | FM | 24 | NR | ROM | Meditation |
Milstein, 200937 | RCT | Ped | 15 | NR | BATHE psychotherapy | Stress management |
Bragard, 201038 | RCT | Onc | 96 | NR | Communication and stress management | Stress management |
Winkel, 201039 | NRS | ObG | 18 | Narrative medicine40 | Reflective writing | Reflection |
Foster, 201241 | NRS | FM | 18 | NR | RAFT | Discussion |
Saadat, 201242 | RCT | Anes | 60 | Risk and protective factor model43 | Coping with work and family stress | Stress management |
Maher, 201344 | NRS | S | 26 | Stress recognition45 | Stress training | Stress management |
Gunasingam, 201546 | RCT | Any specialty | 31 | NR | Debriefing sessions | Discussion |
Ripp, 201647 | RCT | IM | 38 | NR | Discussion groups | Discussion |
Slavin, 201748 | NRS | Ped | 35 | Medical Student Mental Health 3.049 | Resilience training, ethics discussion | Discussion |
Thimmapuram, 201750 | NRS | Any specialty | 27 | NR | Heartfulness meditation | Meditation |
Zazulak, 201751 | NRS | ObG, FM | 35 | Visual thinking strategies52 | Art of seeing | Reflection |
Chanchlani, 201853 | RCT | Any specialty | 53 | NR | Peer mentoring | Mentorship |
Dotters-Katz, 201854 | NRS | OBG, IM | 20 | Faculty development course55 | Humanism curriculum | Formal curriculum |
Brennan, 201956 | NRS | FM | 32 | NR | Resiliency skills vs LIFE curriculum | Resilience skills |
Forbes, 201957 | NRS | Any specialty | 53 | NR | Resiliency skills | Resilience skills |
Lebares, 201958 | RCT | S | 21 | NR | Mindfulness stress reduction | Stress management |
Abbreviations: NRS, non-randomized controlled study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; FM, family medicine; Onc, oncology; ObG, obstetrics-gynecology; Anes, anesthesiology; S, surgery; IM, internal medicine; Ped, pediatrics; NR, not reported; ROM, Respiratory One Method; BATHE, Background Affect Trouble Handling Empathy; RAFT, Resident Assessment Facilitation Team; LIFE, Learning to Address Impairment and Fatigue to Enhance Patient Safety.
Specialty abbreviations derived from the American Board of Medical Specialties.59