Table 2.
Summary of reported abundance of biomarkers involved in tissue repair in children with burns compared to healthy children without burns
| Reference | Source | Reported normal limits | Abundance in children with burns | Age range | Time frame | Population TBSA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PICP | ||||||
| Klein et al. (1995) [41] | Blood | 200–700 ng/mL | Normal 210 106 ng/mL | 5.8–17.5 years | 3 weeks post-burn | 63 ± 16a |
| Collagen (Type IV) | ||||||
| Weremijewicz et al. (2018) [76] | Blood | 50 ng/mLd† | Elevated 160–375 ng/mLd† | 9 months–14 years | From 2 hours post-burn, until at least 5 days post-burn | 4–20e |
| Laminin-5 | ||||||
| Weremijewicz et al. (2018) [76] | Blood | 52 ng/mLd† | Elevated 72–95 ng/mLd† | 9 months–14 years | From 2 hours post-burn, until at least 3 days post-burn | 4–20e |
| ProMMP-1 | ||||||
| Dasu et al. (2003) [80] | Blood | 3.5 ng/mL† | Elevated 15–18 ng/mL† | 7.9 ± 2.5 years | From 7 days post-burn, until at least 21 days post-burn | >40c |
| MMP-3 | ||||||
| Dasu et al. (2003) [80] | Blood | 110 ng/mL† | Elevated 112–130 ng/mL† | 7.9 ± 2.5 years | From 3 days post-burn, until at least 21 days | >40c |
| MMP-9 | ||||||
| Dasu et al. (2003) [80] | Blood | 350 ng/mL† | Elevated 580 ng/mL† | 7.9 ± 2.5 years | At 21 days post-burn | >40c |
| TIMP-1 | ||||||
| Dasu et al. (2003) [80] | Blood | 250 ng/mL† | Elevated 620–700 ng/mL† | 7.9 ± 2.5 years | From 3 days post-burn, until at least 21 days | >40c |
| MMP-2 | ||||||
| Weremijewicz et al. (2018) [76] | Blood | 38 ng/mLd† | Elevated 78–125 ng/mLd† | 9 months–14 years | From 2 hours post-burn, until at least 5 days post-burn | 4–20e |
| Proteasome | ||||||
| Matuszczak et al. (2014) [82] | Blood | 0.42 U/mg† | Elevated 0.75–1.3 U/mL† | 9 months–14 years | At 12–16 hours post-burn | 4–20e |
| Hepatocyte growth factor | ||||||
| Jeschke et al. (2004) [40] | Blood | 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL | Elevated 1.75–2.25 ng/mL† | 1–16 years | Immediately after burn, until 15 days post-burn | 67 ± 14b |
| TGFα | ||||||
| Abdel-Hafez et al. (2007) [20] | Blood | 8.08 ± 1.66 pg/mL | Elevated 170.81 ± 16.65 pg/mL | 2 months–7 years | At admission | 31.62 ± 12.01b |
| TGFβ | ||||||
| Rorison et al. (2010) [21] | Blood | 420 pg/mLd | Reduced 280 pg/mLd | 3.82 ± 3.55 years | At admission | 9.1 ± 11.7b |
| bFGF | ||||||
| Abdel-Hafez et al. (2007) [20] | Blood | 0.56 ± 0.13 ng/mL | Elevated 0.98 ± 0.22 ng/mL | 2 months–7 years | At admission | 31.62 ± 12.01b |
†Data derived from graph, aData presented as mean ± SEM, bData presented as mean ± SD, cData presented as minimum value, dData presented as median, eData presented as a range
TBSA total body surface area, PICP carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, MMP matrix metalloproteases, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TGF transforming growth factor, bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor