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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2019 Dec 12;115(532):1574–1597. doi: 10.1080/01621459.2019.1686391

Table 2.

Bayesian parameter estimates in Part 1 of Simulation 2.

n = 100
n = 500
n = 1000
Without
With
Without
With
Without
With
Para BIAS RMS BIAS RMS BIAS RMS BIAS RMS BIAS RMS BIAS RMS
Mechanism 1
α = 0 0.124 0.356 0.041 0.306 −0.036 0.180 −0.012 0.157 0.026 0.173 −0.018 0.117
β1 = 0.5 −0.092 0.248 −0.002 0.226 −0.012 0.116 0.009 0.095 −0.018 0.092 0.010 0.071
β2 = 1 0.034 0.259 −0.021 0.245 0.001 0.109 −0.021 0.104 −0.002 0.075 0.004 0.077
β3 = −1 0.039 0.347 0.025 0.322 0.044 0.163 0.013 0.136 0.008 0.104 −0.016 0.092
γ1 = 1.5 −0.094 0.531 −0.001 0.468 −0.013 0.196 −0.022 0.193 −0.003 0.163 0.005 0.135
γ2 = −1 0.001 0.125 0.009 0.052 −0.005 0.039
γ3 = 0.5 0.033 0.141 −0.026 0.125 0.004 0.063 0.008 0.052 0.001 0.043 0.003 0.038
σδ2 = 1 −0.149 0.231 −0.114 0.199 −0.019 0.108 −0.020 0.099 −0.012 0.104 −0.008 0.077
αr = 0.5 −0.296 0.527 −0.128 0.468 −0.097 0.288 −0.057 0.279 −0.031 0.207 −0.030 0.195
βr1 = −1 −0.165 0.487 −0.092 0.413 −0.061 0.207 −0.029 0.163 − 0.040 0.137 −0.014 0.125
βr2 = 0.5 −0.261 0.593 −0.058 0.550 −0.056 0.354 0.071 0.314 −0.019 0.363 0.062 0.243
βr3 = 0.5 0.146 0.650 0.037 0.552 0.096 0.375 −0.016 0.353 0.027 0.319 −0.070 0.253
γr1 = −0.7 0.121 0.612 0.118 0.603 −0.054 0.521 0.094 0.501 −0.091 0.521 0.039 0.350
γr2 = −0.7 0.212 0.445 0.020 0.423 0.063 0.357 −0.070 0.293 0.019 0.379 −0.061 0.235
φ = -1.2 0.064 0.410 −0.141 0.405 0.030 0.378 −0.134 0.323 0.020 0.413 −0.086 0.243
Mechanism 2
α = 0 −0.212 0.407 −0.074 0.349 −0.169 0.242 −0.007 0.168 −0.132 0.231 −0.021 0.104
β1 = 0.5 0.088 0.229 0.024 0.209 0.047 0.111 0.015 0.111 0.035 0.099 0.009 0.065
β2 = 1 −0.036 0.245 −0.020 0.226 −0.012 0.102 −0.017 0.102 −0.018 0.091 −0.004 0.079
β3 = −1 −0.027 0.347 0.025 0.308 −0.019 0.143 −0.014 0.134 −0.026 0.110 −0.004 0.093
γ1 = 1.5 0.065 0.496 −0.019 0.470 0.093 0.217 0.039 0.195 0.063 0.177 −0.001 0.129
γ2 = −1 −0.052 0.180 0.003 0.163 −0.007 0.062 −0.010 0.045
γ3 = 0.5 −0.000 0.157 −0.032 0.075 −0.006 0.056 −0.030 0.075 −0.001 0.037
σδ2 = 1 −0.092 0.235 −0.149 0.222 0.025 0.104 −0.012 0.083 0.044 0.088 −0.018 0.053
αr = 0 − 0.240 0.459 −0.295 0.448 −0.174 0.276 −0.035 0.222 −0.159 0.231 − 0.042 0.155
βr1 = −1 0.145 0.353 −0.008 0.364 0.140 0.250 −0.001 0.162 0.108 0.245 0.005 0.114
βr2 = 0.5 0.413 0.576 0.241 0.539 0.361 0.475 0.103 0.261 0.258 0.474 0.052 0.187
βr3 = 0.5 −0.423 0.694 −0.143 0.556 − 0.340 0.490 −0.091 0.271 −0.269 0.473 −0.015 0.198
γr1 = −1.7 0.655 0.859 0.585 0.841 0.484 0.708 0.111 0.496 0.378 0.653 0.086 0.330
γr2 = 0.7 − 0.407 0.554 −0.101 0.407 −0.317 0.438 −0.063 0.256 −0.253 0.460 −0.030 0.159
φ = 0 − 0.462 0.525 −0.209 0.408 −0.351 0.448 −0.090 0.232 −0.264 0.450 − 0.042 0.136