Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the sample
| Demographic Variables | Mean ± SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 41.7±13.1 |
| Chronic pain duration, years | 10.9±9.1 |
| Gender | |
| Female | 968 (65.2) |
| Male | 498 (34.3) |
| Other (nonbinary/genderqueer) | 7 (0.5) |
| Race | |
| White | 1,189 (81.9) |
| Black/African American | 99 (6.8) |
| Asian/Asian American | 50 (3.4) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 13 (0.9) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0) |
| Mixed Race | 67 (4.6) |
| Other Race | 28 (1.9) |
| Prefer not to answer | 5 (0.3) |
| Don’t know | 1 (0.1) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 144 (9.9) |
| Non-Hispanic | 1,297 (89.4) |
| Prefer not to answer | 7 (0.5) |
| Don’t know | 3 (0.2) |
| Education | |
| Less than high school graduate | 9 (0.6) |
| GED or high school graduate | 168 (11.6) |
| Some college, no degree | 402 (27.7) |
| Associate’s degree (2-year degree) | 224 (15.4) |
| Bachelor’s degree/college degree | 399 (27.5) |
| Above college education | 250 (17.2) |
| Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.1) |
| Employment status | |
| Working full time | 694 (47.8) |
| Working part time | 209 (14.4) |
| Unemployed or laid off | 176 (12.1) |
| Looking for work | 49 (3.4) |
| Keeping house or raising children full time | 110 (7.6) |
| Retired | 103 (7.1) |
| Other | 112 (7.7) |
| Income | |
| Less than $5,000 | 45 (3.1) |
| $5,000–$11,999 | 67 (4.6) |
| $12,000–$15,999 | 54 (3.7) |
| $16,000–$24,999 | 148 (10.2) |
| $25,000–$34,999 | 211 (14.5) |
| $35,000–$49,999 | 224 (15.4) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 310 (21.3) |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 177 (12.2) |
| $100,000 and greater | 201 (13.8) |
| Prefer not to answer | 8 (0.5) |
| Don’t know | 7 (0.5) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 663 (45.7) |
| Divorced | 198 (13.6) |
| Separated | 29 (2.0) |
| Widowed | 32 (2.2) |
| Single | 517 (35.6) |
| Prefer not to answer | 13 (0.9) |
| Changes in employment status due to COVID-19 | |
| Yes | 620 (42.7) |