Table 1.
Sample characteristics of young adults who participated in the STAND study at baseline (N=179).
| Total (N=179) | STAND (N=85) | TSP (N=94) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n / M | % / SD | n / M | % / SD | n / M | % / SD | |
| Gender: Female | 72 | 40.2% | 33 | 38.8% | 49 | 41.5% |
| Male | 89 | 49.7% | 40 | 47.1% | 39 | 52.1% |
| Transgender or non-binary | 18 | 10.1% | 12 | 14.1% | 6 | 6.4% |
| Age | 22.1 | 2.20 | 22.1 | 2.32 | 22.1 | 2.08 |
| Racial/ethnic background: Non-Hispanic White Employment status | 144 | 80.4% | 66 | 77.6% | 78 | 83.0% |
| Employed, full-time (≥20 hours/week) | 77 | 43.0% | 37 | 43.5% | 40 | 42.6% |
| Employed, part-time (<20 hours/week) | 36 | 20.1% | 20 | 23.5% | 16 | 17.0% |
| Unemployed | 66 | 36.9% | 28 | 32.9% | 38 | 40.4% |
| Education status: Not in school | 121 | 67.6% | 57 | 67.1% | 64 | 68.1% |
| Part-time | 8 | 4.5% | 1 | 1.2% | 7 | 7.4% |
| Full-time | 50 | 27.9% | 27 | 31.8% | 23 | 24.5% |
| Years of school completed | 13.2 | 2.00 | 13.4 | 2.00 | 13.1 | 2.02 |
| Income < $10,000/year | 79 | 44.1% | 38 | 44.7% | 41 | 43.6% |
| Geographic region: South | 56 | 31.3% | 28 | 32.9% | 28 | 29.8% |
| West | 46 | 25.7% | 21 | 24.7% | 25 | 26.6% |
| Midwest | 44 | 24.6% | 20 | 23.5% | 24 | 25.5% |
| Northeast | 33 | 18.4% | 16 | 18.8% | 17 | 18.1% |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Usual number of cigarettes/day | 10.4 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 6.23 | 10.8 | 7.35 |
| Cigarettes past 7 days | 72.6 | 53.8 | 68.6 | 44.7 | 76.2 | 60.9 |
| Fagerstrom Test of Cig. Dependence | 5.7 | 1.76 | 5.3 | 1.54 | 6.1 | 1.85 |
| First cigarette morning <30min | 87 | 48.6% | 39 | 45.9% | 48 | 51.1% |
| Quitting cigarette smoking | ||||||
| 24h quit attempt past 12 months (yes) | 118 | 65.9% | 63 | 74.1% | 55 | 58.5% |
| Desire to quit, 1–10 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 2.6 | 5.9 | 2.5 |
| Expected success, 1–10 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 5.1 | 2.6 |
| Expected difficulty, 1–10 | 7.1 | 2.4 | 7.2 | 2.4 | 7.1 | 2.3 |
| Preparation stage of change1 | 49 | 27.4% | 25 | 29.4% | 44 | 25.5% |
| E-cigarette/vaporizer use past 30 days2 | 95 | 53.1% | 44 | 51.8% | 51 | 54.3% |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Heavy episodic drinking occasions past 30 days | 8.9 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 10.3 | 8.5 |
| Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score | 12.7 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 7.3 | 13.9 | 8.1 |
| Reducing alcohol use | ||||||
| Plans to limit drinking in next 30 days | 99 | 55.3% | 51 | 60.0% | 48 | 51.1% |
| Importance to reduce or stop, 1–10 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 3.0 |
| Confidence to reduce or stop, 1–10 | 7.1 | 2.7 | 7.1 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 2.6 |
| Alcohol and cigarettes co-use | ||||||
| Est. % of smoking while drinking | 50.8 | 30.5 | 44.4 | 29.3 | 56.7 | 30.6 |
| Combined use at last drinking occasion | 173 | 96.6% | 82 | 96.5% | 91 | 96.8% |
1
Plans to quit smoking in the next 30 days & had prior year quit attempt.
2
With nicotine.
3
Or is already limiting drinking.
STAND (Smoking Tobacco and Drinking) intervention: Tobacco + Alcohol content; TSP (Tobacco Status Project) intervention: Tobacco only content