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. 2021 Feb 9;15:638887. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.638887

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Copyright © 2021 Ptito, Bleau, Djerourou, Paré, Schneider and Chebat.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Non-invasive aids. On the upper row are historic ETAs that are no longer available (photo courtesy AER O&M Division Warren Bledsoe Archives, American Printing House for the Blind). (A) Signal Corps Obstacle Detector; (B) C-4 laser cane; (C) Sonic Guide; (D) “K”-Sonar [from Penrod et al. (2009); with the permission of W. Penrod]; (E) Miniguide (GDP Research); (F) UltraCane (from http://www.ultracane.com, with the permission of Sound Foresight Technology Ltd); and (G) WeWALK smart cane (from https://wewalk.io/en/, with the permission of WeWALK Tech Co.).