Figure 6.

15d-PGJ₂ inhibited DSS-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse colon. Colon tissue were collected on day 7 (inflammation phase) and day 13 (resolution phase). (A) The levels of P-STAT3 (Y705) and COX-2 were determined by immunoblot analysis. Actin was used as an equal loading control for normalization. (B) Immunohistochemical detection of P-STAT3 (brown spots) in colon tissue were determined. To verify the expression of COX-2 in colon tissue, (C) immunofluorescence analysis was conducted using anti-COX-2 antibody. Scale bar, 200 μm. (D) Pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-23, IL-12, and IL-17 were determined in colon tissue by real-time PCR. *, **, *** Significantly different between the groups compared (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).