Table 2.
Subgroup analyses.
| Pooled estimate | Test of heterogeneity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | RR with 95% CI | p-Value | τ2 | I2 | p-Value | |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Male | 6 | 1.38 (1.25–1.51) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 9.57 | 0.35 |
| ≥65 years | 7 | 2.54(1.62–3.97) | <0.001 | 0.24 | 89.33 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Diabetes | 11 | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) | 0.001 | 0.012 | 54.15 | 0.016 |
| Hypertension | 9 | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 0.351 | 0.029 | 60.58 | 0.009 |
| CKD | 7 | 1.57 (1.29–1.91) | <0.001 | 0.036 | 69.18 | 0.003 |
| CPOD | 5 | 1.34 (1.18–1.52) | <0.001 | 0.004 | 16.12 | 0.312 |
| Stroke | 2 | 1.80 (0.89–3.64) | 0.100 | 0 | 0 | 0.37 |
| Others | ||||||
| Smoking | 6 | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 0.242 | 0.027 | 46.57 | 0.09 |
N, number of study; RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence Interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CPOD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bold value indicates subgroup and significant p-value.