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. 2021 Feb 5;15:588593. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.588593

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Copyright © 2021 Narita, Kamiya, Iwaki, Ishii, Endo, Shimosaka, Uchida, Kantake and Shibutani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activities in SHAPE as compared to SHAM. (A) Temporal differences and sequential pattern of prefrontal fNIRS activities in F-SHAPE as compared to F-SHAM. Prefrontal activations presented significant (two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni t-test: p < 0.05) in the frontopolar area (FPA) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during F-SHAPE as compared to F-SHAM. A sequential pattern of significantly shifting features in the onset and burst was noted from the FPA to the OFC during F-SHAPE as compared to F-SHAM. (B) Temporal differences and sequential pattern of the prefrontal fNIRS activities in O-SHAPE as compared to O-SHAM. Most channels presented significant (two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni t-test: p < 0.05) prefrontal activation in O-SHAPE as compared to O-SHAM. A sequential pattern of significant (two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni t-test: p < 0.05) prefrontal activation resulted in temporally overlapped features in the onset and burst of the DLPFC/FPA/OFC activities during O-SHAPE as compared to O-SHAM.