Table 1.
Levels of soluble mediators in vitreal biopsies from patients with diabetic retinopathy.
| Parameter | Untreated | Curcumin 0.5 μM | Curcumin 1 μM | Homotaurine 100 μM + Vitamin D3 50 nM | Curcumin 0.5 μM+ Homotaurine 100 μM + Vitamin D3 50 nM | Curcumin 1 μM + Homotaurine 100 μM + Vitamin D3 50 nM | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Mean ± SD(95% CI) | Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Mean ± SD(95% CI) | Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Mean ± SD(95% CI) | ||
| PDGF-ABa (pg/mL) | 842.68 ± 459.61 (664.50–1020.86) | 780.43 ± 466.58(599.51–961.35) | 657.58 ± 311.24 (536.89–778.26) | 735.94 ± 466.40 (555.09–916.79) | 538.32 ± 345.39 (404.40–672.25) | 406.41 ± 213.85(323.48–489.33) | 0.0003 |
| IL2b (pg/mL) | 85.17 ± 47.33 (66.81–103.52) | 81.95 ± 44.33(64.76–99.14) | 63.00 ± 30.51 (51.17–74.83) | 71.81 ± 41.05(55.89–87.73) | 55.93 ± 26.73 (45.56–66.30) | 60.21 ± 26.84(49.80–70.62) | 0.0005 |
| IL6c (pg/mL) | 16.71 ± 7.02 (13.99–19.43) | 15.81 ± 6.11(13.44–18.18) | 15.28 ± 5.88 (13.00–17.56) | 15.96 ± 7.63(13.00–18.92) | 13.78 ± 8.03 (10.67–16.90) | 15.52 ± 8.39(12.27–18.78) | 0.32 |
| TNF-αc (pg/mL) | 112.56 ± 72.85 (84.32–140.81) | 113.27 ± 50.20(93.81–132.74) | 110.68 ± 82.95 (78.52–142.85) | 108.61 ± 74.37 (79.78–137.45) | 59.31 ± 42.09 (42.99–75.63) | 66.52 ± 43.59(49.62–83.43) | 0.0001 |
sqrt transformed.
Inverse transformed.
log10 transformed.
Post-hoc Analysis: PDGF-AB - (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.04; (untreated vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0006; (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.006; (homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.022. IL2 - (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0023; (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0028. TNF-α - (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.008; (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0004; (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.02; (curcumin 1 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.025; (homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.009. Bold values are those statistically significant.