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. 2021 Feb 1;10:619727. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.619727

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Function of autophagy receptors in different types of cancer. (A) At specific subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enriched of phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS), various Atgs complexes are recruited (ULK1 and Beclin1 complexes). These steps are implicated during early stages of autophagosome formation. Subsequently, the Atg5 complex is recruited to this location facilitating the conversion [from a soluble cytosolic form to a phophatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated membrane-bound form] of Atg8 family members (LC3A, LC3B, LC3C, GABARAP, GABARPL1, and GABARAPL2), process implicated in the elongation of the membrane, structure known as phagophore. (B) The phagophore is further detached at the ER, where ATG8s proteins begin to interact with autophagy receptors responsible of the selective capture of cargos. (C) The final closure of the phagophore form a vesicular double membrane structure called autophagosome. (D) The autophagosome finally fuses with the lysosome forming the autolysosome. p62, NBR1, NDP52, and OPTN function in the progression stage of carcinogenesis in several types of cancer by the selective capture of specific cargos indicated in the boxes.