Table 4.
Association between dietary oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) intake and gastric cancer (GC) risk by rs1871042 polymorphism of GSTP1 gene.
| GSTP1 | No. controls/cases | Model I OR (95% CI) | Model II OR (95% CI) | Model III OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1871042 (dominant) | CC | CT+TT | CC | CT+TT | CC | CT+TT | CC | CT+TT | |
| H-ORAC (μmol TE/day) | T1 (<2,655.88) | 175/122 | 61/65 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| T2 (2,655.88–4,759.10) | 175/73 | 64/31 | 0.60 (0.42–0.86) | 0.46 (0.26–0.79) | 0.75 (0.49–1.15) | 0.33 (0.16–0.68) | 0.77 (0.49-1.20) | 0.39 (0.19-0.82) | |
| T3 (>4,759.10) | 173/52 | 69/22 | 0.43 (0.29–0.64) | 0.30 (0.17–0.54) | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | 0.31 (0.15–0.64) | 0.65 (0.41-1.05) | 0.36 (0.17-0.78) | |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.084 | 0.013 | |||
| L-ORAC (μmol TE/day) | T1 (<140.01) | 170/115 | 65/49 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| T2 (140.01-215.68) | 175/76 | 66/44 | 0.64 (0.45–0.92) | 0.88 (0.52–1.51) | 0.68 (0.44–1.03) | 0.80 (0.41–1.53) | 0.67 (0.43-1.03) | 0.66 (0.33-1.33) | |
| T3 (>215.68) | 178/56 | 63/25 | 0.47 (0.32–0.68) | 0.53 (0.29–0.95) | 0.58 (0.37-0.91) | 0.80 (0.39–1.64) | 0.58 (0.37-0.93) | 0.86 (0.40-1.86) | |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.016 | 0.524 | 0.021 | 0.642 | |||
| TPs (mg GAE/day) | T1 (<230.58) | 170/127 | 67/65 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| T2 (230.58-445.51) | 175/69 | 62/33 | 0.53 (0.37–0.76) | 0.55 (0.32–0.94) | 0.66 (0.43–1.01) | 0.47 (0.24–0.94) | 0.70 (0.45-1.09) | 0.45 (0.22-0.92) | |
| T3 (>445.51) | 178/51 | 65/20 | 0.38 (0.26–0.57) | 0.32 (0.17–0.58) | 0.61 (0.38–0.97) | 0.34 (0.16–0.71) | 0.64 (0.40-1.04) | 0.38 (0.17-0.83) | |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.046 | 0.005 | 0.087 | 0.019 | |||
ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; H-ORAC, hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity; L-ORAC, lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TPs, total phenolics; TE, trolox equivalents; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; T, tertile; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. Model I: crude OR; model II: age (continuous), BMI (<25 kg/m2 or ≥25 kg/m2), education level (less than college or college and higher), income (<200, 200- <400 or ≥400), physical activity (yes or no), smoking status (current, ex- or non-smoker), first-degree family history of GC (yes or no), and total energy intake; Model III: additionally adjusted for H. pylori infection (positive or negative).