Table 1. Exclusion criteria.

Positive medical findings (such as stroke, recent cardiac infarction, severe bleeding disorder, uncontrolled diabetes,or cancer).

Psychiatric therapy.

Pregnancy or nursing.

Smoking >10 cigarettes/d.

Insertion torque <30 Ncm.

Untreated periodontitis and/or poor oral hygiene.

Acute and chronic infections of the adjacent tissues or natural dentition.

Previous radiotherapy of the oral and maxillofacial region within the past 5 y.

Postextractive implants (at least 3 mo after tooth extraction).

Absence of teeth in the opposing jaw.

Severe clenching or bruxism.

Severe maxillomandibular skeletal discrepancy.