Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of the two groups.
| MixR-assisted TPED group | Conventional TPED group | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative NRS | |||
| Back pain | 3.57 ± 1.11 | 3.74 ± 1.07 | 0.45 |
| Leg pain | 6.57 ± 1.02 | 6.72 ± 0.91 | 0.46 |
| Preoperative ODI (%) | 63.02 ± 9.32 | 62.02 ± 8.22 | 0.60 |
| Postoperative NRS | |||
| Back pain | 1.43 ± 0.90 | 1.60 ± 1.00 | 0.40 |
| Leg pain | 1.45 ± 0.98 | 1.70 ± 1.23 | 0.31 |
| Postoperative ODI (%) | 10.93 ± 5.02 | 9.56 ± 3.35 | 0.14 |
| Improved NRS | |||
| Back pain | 2.14 ± 1.25 | 2.14 ± 1.44 | 0.99 |
| Leg pain | 5.11 ± 1.15 | 5.02 ± 1.52 | 0.75 |
| Improved ODI (%) | 52.09 ± 10.60 | 52.47 ± 9.52 | 0.86 |
| Operation time (min) | 103 ± 18 | 116 ± 29 | 0.01 |
TPED: transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy; MixR: mixed reality; NRS-LP: numerical rating scale for leg pain; NRS-BP: numerical rating scale for back pain; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index.