Table 2.

Measures and administration.

Method and measures/and variables			Phases		Administration		Dimension
Extraction from hospital database
	Covariates including perioperative duration, blood loss, conversion to open returns to the ORa	Intervention+baseline		Data collected for all patients in each intervention phase via hospital databases (n=680)		System
Direct observation
	Patient details (age, BMI, ASAb)	Intervention+baseline		Collected during direct observation in the OR (or retrospectively collected from patient’s health record)		System
	Flow disruptions	Intervention+baseline		Direct observation of number, type, and rate per observation (n~27,200)		Process
	Surgical phase duration	Intervention+baseline		Collected during direct observation in the OR		Process
	Oxford NOTECHS 2	Intervention+baseline		Direct observation for each phase of surgery for surgeon, OR staff, and anesthesia subteams		Process
	Intervention adherence metric	Intervention		Direct observation once during each surgical observation (for intervention phases (3-6); n=520)		Process
Surveys
	SURG-TLX	Intervention+baseline		Completed once per observed surgery by surgeon, anesthesiologist, circulating nurse, and scrub tech (n~2270)		Individual
	Safety attitudes questionnaire	Intervention+baseline		Administered on web via REDCapc once per phase for all RASd practitioners (n~425)		System
	Concurrent acceptability	Intervention		Administration on web via REDCap [38] twice per intervention phase (phases 3-6) for all RAS staff and clinicians (n~950)		Individual
Interviews
	Intervention implementation facilitators and barriers	Intervention		Observations and in-person interviews conducted with a diverse sample of OR staff following the implementation of all interventions (n=8-10 individuals per site)		System

^aOR: operating room.

^bASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

^cREDcap: Research Electronic Data Capture.

^dRAS: robotic-assisted surgery.