Table 2.
Description of study characteristics and findings for other interventions.
| Source | Study design | Setting | Participants | Outcome domains | Primary Outcome Measure (time point) | Intervention details | Study characteristics | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other interventions | ||||||||
| Van Willigen et al 2020 (UK) [52] | Qualitative using semi-structured interviews | ICU | ICU survivors | Perspectives | Patient and family perspectives on physical rehabilitation | Physical rehabilitation | N = 5; age range 23 to 68 years; 4 (80%) male N = 5 family members | Rehab should focus on building relationships and good communication, be consistent and start as soon as possible. |
| Kou et al 2019 [54] | Meta-analysis | Hospital | Adults with an acute and critical illness undergoing rehabilitation | Impairments; Activity limitation; HRQoL; Adverse events | ADLs (not specified) | Nutritional interventions (lectures, counselling, fortified foods, oral nutritional supplements or parenteral/enteral nutrition) plus rehabilitation (defined as comprehensive or individualised expert programme) | 2 RCTs; 293 mixed medical patients. No summary data on paticipants | Improvements in muscle mass; Short term improvements in Barthel Index at 6 months (SMD 0.30, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.58). No effect on HRQoL. Adverse events not reported |
| Corner et al 2018 (UK) [53] | Qualitative (grounded theory) using semi-structured interviews | ICU and post discharge | ICU survivors and family members | Experiences | Experience of rehabilitation and recovery | Physical rehabilitation | N = 15 mixed medical/surgical patients; age range 30 to 89 years; 11/15 (73%) male 4 family members (dyads) | Need to recalibrate past, present and future self and differences between expectation and reality; recovering autonomy needs motivation and support |
| Suwardianto et al 2018 (Indonesia) [51] | RCT | ICU | Adults admitted to ICU > 24 hours | Impairments; activity limitation. MMSE, PFIT | Not specified | Physical and cognitive therapy. Control no intervention | N = 64 mixed medical patients; mean (SD) age controls 48 (11.4) and intervention 59.9 (11) years; 35/64 (55%) male | Effect sizes not clearly reported. Improved bed transfers and cognitive function |
| Felten-Barentz et al 2018 (Netherlands) [71] | Qualitative (phenomenology) using semi-structured interviews | ICU and post discharge | Ventilated adults receiving hydrotherapy | Experiences | Meaning and experience of hydrotherapy | Hydrotherapy | N = 8 mixed medical/surgical patients; age range 33 to 73 years; 4/8 (50%) male | Feelings of safety and ability to move that can involve families. A turning point in the recovery journey |
| Ramsay et al 2016 (UK) [56] | Mixed methods process evaluation using a questionnaire and focus groups | Hospital (post-ICU) | Participants from an RCT (intervention and control) RECOVER trial | Experiences | Experiences of rehabilitation and quality of care | Physical (MDT) rehabilitation (enhanced physiotherapy, nutritional care and information provision, case management. Usual care comparator | N = 14 focus group participants (+8 family members) 182 experience questionnaires. Median age (IQR for intervention participants 55 years (36, 69) and controls 70 years (63, 78). 50% of intervention participants were male and 66% controls | Individualised care and information highly valued. Enabled greater access to physiotherapy and nutritional care |
| Mehlhorn et al 2014 [55] | Narrative SR | Post ICU (hospital and community) | Adults post ICU admission | Impairments; activity limitations; HRQoL; Service outcomes; Adverse events | Not specified | Rehabilitation | 19 studies (9 RCTs); 2510 mixed medical/surgical patients. No summary data of participants | PTSD may be reduced; no effect on other outcomes |