Table 2.
Major characteristics and outcomes of patients according to the presence or absence of abnormal liver tests (ALTmax ≥40, ASTmax ≥40).
| Parameter | Influenza |
p value | SARS-CoV-2 |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal liver tests n = 293 | Normal liver tests n = 572 | Abnormal liver tests n = 396 | Normal liver tests n = 476 | |||
| Age | 71.00 (56.00–81.00) | 68.00 (41.00–80.00) | 0.059 | 67.00 (56.00–78.00) | 67.00 (49.75–77.25) | 0.124 |
| Sex – female % | 43.3 | 62.2 | <0.001 | 34.6 | 54.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 25.83 (22.49–29.76) | 26.51 (22.89–30.12) | 0.411 | 27.78 (24.81–31.18) | 27.34 (23.91–30.80) | 0.039 |
| Prior liver disease (%) | 5.8 | 3.7 | 0.203 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 0.056 |
| Major illness (DM, HTN) (%) | 48.1 | 44.6 | 0.359 | 53.3 | 46.2 | 0.044 |
| In-hospital pneumonia (%) | 19.1 | 16.6 | 0.242 | 61.8 | 68.4 | 0.852 |
| Antibiotics treatment (%) | 75.8 | 62.9 | <0.001 | 63.4 | 39.7 | <0.0001 |
| Antiviral treatment (%) | 80.2 | 80.8 | 0.716 | 31.1 | 11.3 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (min) (median, IQR) | 105.00 (92.00, 123.00) | 110.00 (96.00–129.00) | 0.005 | 104.00 (94.00–117.00) | 110.00 (100.00–125.00) | <0.001 |
| Saturation% (min) (median, IQR) | 93.00 (88.00–96.00) | 95.00 (91.00–97.00) | <0.0001 | 88.00 (82.00–93.00) | 94.00 (90.50–97.00) | <0.0001 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) (median, IQR) | 3.30 (2.80–3.70) | 3.70 (3.30–4.05) | <0.0001 | 3.00 (2.40–3.42) | 3.60 (3.20–3.92) | <0.0001 |
| Lymphmin (median, IQR) | 0.60 (0.30–0.90) | 0.70 (0.50–1.00) | <0.0001 | 0.60 (0.30–0.90) | 1.00 (0.70–1.40) | <0.0001 |
| CRPmax (median, IQR) | 10.58 (4.72–21.13) | 5.04 (2.56–10.33) | <0.0001 | 16.27 (7.80–28.36) | 5.11 (1.55–10.72) | <0.0001 |
| ALTmax (median, IQR) | 48.00 (33.00–76.00) | 18.00 (14.00–23.25) | <0.0001 | 57.20 (41.00–94.28) | 18.00 (14.00–23.12) | <0.0001 |
| ASTmax (median, IQR) | 60.00 (46.00–98.00) | 24.00 (19.00–31.00) | <0.0001 | 68.70 (48.00–110.55) | 23.15 (18.58–29.08) | <0.0001 |
| ALKPmax (median, IQR) | 95.00 (72.00, 154.00) | 78.00 (63.00–103.00) | <0.0001 | 103.00 (74.00–163.00) | 80.00 (63.00–104.00) | <0.0001 |
| GGTmax (median, IQR) | 66.00 (35.00–176.00) | 24.00 (15.00–43.25) | <0.0001 | 100.00 (50.00-234.00) | 28.00 (17.00–56.00) | <0.0001 |
| TBilmax (mg/dl) (median, IQR) | 0.56 (0.37–0.89) | 0.40 (0.28–0.59) | <0.0001 | 0.63 (0.44–1.10) | 0.41 (0.30–0.60) | <0.001 |
| INRmax (median, IQR) | 1.16 (1.02–1.36) | 1.05 (0.96–1.20) | <0.0001 | 1.21 (1.10–1.40) | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | <0.0001 |
| Death (%) | 14.0 | 2.4 | <0.001 | 29.0 | 5.0 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation or death (%) | 17.7 | 3.8 | <0.001 | 37.1 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
| ICU admission (%) | 5.5 | 0.9 | <0.001 | 11.4 | 1.1 | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) (median, IQR) | 5.00 (3.00–10.00) | 3.00 (2.00–5.00) | <0.0001 | 10.00 (5.00–17.00) | 4.00 (2.00–7.00) | <0.001 |
| Remdesivir (%) | 21.0 | 5.5 | <0.001 | |||
| Enoxaparin (%) | 68.2 | 43.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Dexamethasone (%) | 54.8 | 20.2 | <0.001 | |||
Variables were compared between groups using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Chi-square test for independence. ALKP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CRP, C-reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HTN, hypertension; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TBil, total bilirubin.