Table 2.
Characteristics of Utterances by Staff and Residents (N=2,800 utterances)
| Staff | Resident | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavior types | n | % | n | % |
| Positive utterances | 2,126 | 99.2 | 560 | 85.1 |
| Orientation/giving instructions | 663 | 31.2 | 16 | 2.9 |
| Showing interest | 450 | 21.2 | 203 | 36.3 |
| Showing approval/agreement | 230 | 10.8 | 190 | 33.9 |
| Giving choices | 201 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Asking for help/cooperation | 189 | 8.9 | 35 | 6.3 |
| Assessing for comfort/condition | 189 | 8.9 | 3 | 0.5 |
| Gaining attention verbally | 168 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Unsure - positive | 36 | 1.7 | 113 | 20.2 |
| Negative utterances | 16 | 0.8 | 98 | 14.9 |
| Verbal refusal | 5 | 31.2 | 60 | 61.2 |
| Unsure - negative | 3 | 18.8 | 27 | 27.6 |
| Controlling voice | 8 | 50.0 | 10 | 10.2 |
| Interrupting/changing topic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Total | 2142 | 76.5 | 658 | 23.5 |