Table 4.
The Association of Verbal Utterances by Residents and Staff with Staff, Resident, and Video Characteristics (N=110 videos)
| Staff positive utterances/min | Staff negative utterances | Resident positive utterances | Resident negative utterances | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1–2 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | ||||||
| Characteristics | r | ph | M(SD) | M(SD) | pi | M(SD) | M(SD) | pi | M(SD) | M(SD) | pi |
| Staff age, years (n=110) | −0.03 | .76 | 32.8(8.5) | 30.5(7.8) | .34 | 30.5(7.2) | 33.5(8.9) | .09 | 32.7(8.7) | 32.2(8.1) | .75 |
| Staff years as caregiver (n=110) | −0.10 | .28 | 9.0(6.2) | 7.4(5.6) | .39 | 8.0(6.9) | 9.2(5.8) | .32 | 9.0(6.5) | 8.4(5.2) | .65 |
| Staff years in current NH (n=110) | −0.09 | .33 | 5.0(4.4) | 3.8(4.5) | .37 | 3.2(3.1) | 5.7(4.7) | .002 | 4.6(4.1) | 5.4(5.2) | .38 |
| Resident age, years (n=105) | 0.27 | .01 | 84.0(7.2) | 81.9(10.1) | .36 | 81.3(5.9) | 84.9(8.1) | .02 | 83.5(6.5) | 84.3(9.7) | .65 |
| Resident comorbidity (n=93) | 0.02 | .81 | 27.3(4.7) | 28.8(3.7) | .36 | 28.8(4.3) | 26.8(4.7) | .05 | 27.2(4.6) | 27.9(4.6) | .52 |
| Resident Functional status (MDS-ADL) (n=98) | −0.07 | .51 | 23.5(5.0) | 25.6(5.3) | .19 | 25.1(6.4) | 23.1(4.1) | .12 | 23.7(5.6) | 23.8(3.3) | .93 |
| Video duration, min (n=110) | −0.13 | .18 | 4.3(4.0) | 5.4(3.1) | .34 | 3.9(4.6) | 4.7(3.6) | .34 | 4.0(3.8) | 5.4(3.9) | .07 |
| M(SD) | pj | n (%) | n (%) | pj | n (%) | n (%) | pj | n (%) | n (%) | pj | |
| Staff gender | .98 | .75 | .11 | .06 | |||||||
| Male (n=30) | 4.7(2.9) | 26 (86.7) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20.0) | 24 (80.0) | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | ||||
| Female (n=80) | 4.7(3.3) | 71 (88.8) | 9 (11.3) | 29 (36.3) | 51 (63.8) | 59 (73.8) | 21 (26.3) | ||||
| Staff race | .01 | .77 | 1.00 | .54 | |||||||
| White (n=54) | 5.5(3.2) | 47 (87.0) | 7 (13.0) | 17 (31.5) | 37 (68.5) | 35 (64.8) | 19 (35.2) | ||||
| Black/African American (n=56) | 3.9(3.0) | 50 (89.3) | 6 (10.7) | 18 (32.1) | 38 (67.9) | 40 (71.4) | 16 (28.6) | ||||
| Staff education | .68 | .73 | 1.00 | .47 | |||||||
| High school (n=24) | 5.0(3.2) | 22(91.7) | 2(8.3) | 8(33.3) | 16(66.7) | 18(75.0) | 6(25.0) | ||||
| College (n=86) | 4.6(3.2) | 75(87.2) | 11(12.8) | 27(31.4) | 59(68.6) | 57(66.3) | 29(33.7) | ||||
| Resident gender | .19 | .76 | .68 | .22 | |||||||
| Male (n=66) | 4.4(3.2) | 59(89.4) | 7(10.6) | 20(30.3) | 46(69.7) | 48(72.7) | 18(27.3) | ||||
| Female (n=44) | 5.2(3.2) | 38(86.4) | 6(13.6) | 15(34.1) | 29(65.9) | 27(61.4) | 17(38.6) | ||||
| Resident dementia stagea | <.001 | 1.00 | .004 | .01 | |||||||
| Moderately severeb (n=51) | 5.8(3.4) | 45(88.2) | 6(11.8) | 10(19.6) | 41(80.4) | 31(60.8) | 20(39.2) | ||||
| Severec (n=33) | 2.8(2.1) | 30(90.9) | 3(9.1) | 17(51.5) | 16(48.5) | 29(87.9) | 4(12.1) | ||||
| Resident eating functiond | <.001k | .51k | .53k | .14k | |||||||
| Independente (n=22) | 5.9(3.6) | 18(81.8) | 4(18.2) | 6(27.3) | 16(72.7) | 13(59.1) | 9(40.9) | ||||
| Partially (in)dependentf (n=52) | 5.5(3.2) | 46(88.5) | 6(11.5) | 15(28.9) | 37(71.2) | 33(63.5) | 19(36.5) | ||||
| Dependentg (n=36) | 2.9(2.1) | 33(91.7) | 3(8.3) | 14(38.9) | 22(61.1) | 29(80.6) | 7(19.4) | ||||
Note.
a
Resident dementia stage was determined using the Functional Assessment Staging in Alzheimer’s Disease (FAST);
b
FAST score 6 to <7;
c
FAST score ≥ 7;
d
Proportion of food intakes (solid or liquid) initiated by resident;
e
Independent: proportion of intakes initiated/completed by resident is 75 to 100%;
f
Partially dependent: proportion of intakes initiated/completed by resident is > 25 to < 75%;
g
Dependent: proportion of intakes initiated/completed by resident is 0 to 25%;
h
p-values for Pearson correlation;
i
p-values for independent sample t-test;
j
p-values for Fisher’s exact test;
k
p-value for ANOVA. M(SD) = Mean (Standard Deviation).